Upward
in sentence
453 examples of Upward in a sentence
Similarly, manufacturing can expand to restore inventories depleted by over-contraction of output, while random shocks such as major innovations or harvest variations may have an asymmetric effect in a recession, with
upward
shocks in some sectors having a greater impact than the downward shocks in others.
For many decades, Californians had rapidly rising living standards, great public K-12 and higher education systems, and unprecedented
upward
mobility.
Thus, normal re-equilibration to “purchasing power parity” should give the dollar slight
upward
momentum.
As a result, most emerging-market economies are now similarly worried about currency appreciation, lest they lose competitiveness relative to China, and are intervening aggressively and/or imposing capital controls to stem
upward
exchange-rate pressure.
This intervention upset the EU, as it has put
upward
pressure on the euro at a time when the European Central Bank has placed interest rates on hold while the Bank of Japan (BoJ) and the US Federal Reserve are easing monetary policy further.
Much of China’s official foreign reserves have accumulated because the PBC seeks to control the renminbi’s exchange rate, keeping its
upward
movement within a reasonable range and at a measured pace.
If appreciation does not reduce the current-account surplus and capital inflows, then the renminbi’s exchange rate is bound to face further
upward
pressure.
Until recently, markets seemed to discount these shocks; apart from a few days when panic about Japan or the Middle East caused a correction, they continued their
upward
march.
The only way to ease that
upward
pressure, and to mitigate spillovers, is with effective policy responses.
Already, some village leaders are elected; this may slowly spread to regional officials, and then
upward
to the central government.
Given the
upward
pressure on prices implied by rising emerging-market demand and the global economy’s rapid increase in size, that day has arrived.
The price of fossil fuels, however, is likely to continue to trend
upward.
In fact, there was a temporary
upward
spike in real long-term interest rates during the financial crisis in countries with indexed bonds.
High domestic investment may for the time being prevent “surplus savings” from creating too much
upward
pressure on the external balance, but, given trends in China’s terms of trade, growth without an increase in domestic consumption is unsustainable over the long run.
What, then, prevents deficits from spiraling
upward
as parties alternate power and borrow to help their supporters?
The Fed waited too long to start the normalization process, and, because it was more aggressive in lowering rates in the downward phase of the interest-rate cycle, it has had to be more aggressive in raising them in the
upward
phase.
Pinker cites data indicating that the share of negative news stories has trended
upward
in the post-war period.
Perhaps the long-awaited
upward
convergence of economic fundamentals to validate market valuations is within reach.
Animated discussions as to whether either or both economies face an L-shaped or a V-shaped recession have given way to the reality of considerable volatility, for both income and financial indicators, around a mild
upward
trend.
But, on top of that, China has been significantly more successful than Latin American countries in stemming
upward
exchange-rate pressure.
Most recently, the US Commerce Department revised
upward
its estimate of GDP growth for the third quarter of last year, to 5% – the highest rate in 11 years.
If it does, the unemployment rate may stop falling, and
upward
pressure on wages would be limited.
To meet the latter objective, they turn to prudently managed countries, placing
upward
pressure on their currencies, too – and, again, beyond what would be warranted by domestic fundamentals.
They did not comprehend the
upward
trend in prices before 1980, so bond yields, lagging behind rising inflation, were too low.
In an era of still-large US budget deficits – likely to go even higher in the aftermath of Trump administration tax cuts and spending initiatives – the lack of demand for Treasuries by the largest foreign owner could well put
upward
pressure on borrowing costs.
Expect further
upward
revisions as the government continues to be surprised by the economy’s ongoing strength.
In this context – and in view of the robust economic growth recorded in 1999 and 2000, the still-booming stock markets, and the continued accumulation of excess liquidity – the ECB’s Governing Council progressively tightened policy, thereby keeping
upward
risks to price stability from materializing.
While developing countries’ resources dwarf official development assistance (ODA), which amounted to $128 billion in 2012, they constitute
upward
of 40% of government budgets in fragile and conflict-affected states.
It is an
upward
spiral.
It is only natural that trade and diplomatic relations between two dynamic continents should be on an
upward
path.
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