Upward
in sentence
453 examples of Upward in a sentence
Rather, the fear is that central banks will not see inflation coming until it is too late, and that this will cause a major
upward
shift in inflation expectations.
Fearing domestic asset-price bubbles and
upward
pressure on their currencies from an inward rush of capital, many emerging-economy leaders complained loudly about what Brazilian Finance Minister Guido Mantega called an “international currency war.”
America’s 2008 stimulus barely budged consumption upward, and the 2009 fiscal stimulus cost hundreds of thousands of dollars per job – many times higher than median pay.
That means the other major central banks will follow the Fed toward monetary-policy normalization, which will reduce global liquidity and put
upward
pressure on interest rates.
The mechanics are familiar: dollar liquidity flees to emerging countries in search of higher yields, putting
upward
pressure on their currencies.
The
upward
pressure on the US dollar from the embrace of quantitative easing by the ECB and the BOJ has been sharp.
For the past 30 years – that’s how long the satellite measurements have been taken – the trend is clearly
upward
and similar in magnitude in all the available data sets.
The continuing financial crisis is putting steady
upward
pressure on the dollar thanks to its safe haven status.
Falling asset prices in other financial market segments, following the sub-prime mortgage meltdown in the United States, may be more important for explaining the recent surge in food prices than supply constraints or other factors underlying longer-term gradual
upward
price trends.
Is there a likely end to the
upward
spiral of the Yen?
The Fed waited too long to start the normalization process, and because it was more aggressive in lowering rates in the downward phase of the interest rate cycle, has had to be more aggressive in raising them in the
upward
phase.
Among US nonfinancial corporations, the proportion of investable funds used for dividends and share buybacks has been trending upward, albeit with cyclical ups and downs, since the 1980s.
Over the longer term, however, the
upward
trend in dividends and share buybacks as a percentage of corporate investable funds is a symptom of mounting shareholder pressure on corporations to focus on short-term returns at the expense of long-term investments.
For the most part, it looks like these changes in economy and society have not resulted in more wealth, but only in an
upward
redistribution of wealth—a successful right-wing class war.
While the rural population had more than enough to eat, their economic opportunities and
upward
mobility were limited by a shoddy education system and docile state-run media that fed them soap operas and official messages.
The reds will need to distance themselves from Thaksin’s abuses of power as much as the yellows will have to accept some of Thaksin’s policy legacy, particularly grassroots opportunities for jobs, education, and
upward
mobility.
The same can be said of capital inflows and the
upward
pressure that they place on the real exchange rate.
This
upward
trend is likely to reverse, however, if Brexit negotiations with the EU lead to an erosion of confidence in the British market.
The foundation of the pro-Europe case was partly the promise of ever
upward
prosperity.
Last but not least, European policymakers should examine how to limit excess saving in the eurozone and thus rein in
upward
pressure on the common currency’s exchange rate.
The Japanese government, for its part, has followed such a relentless policy of deficit spending that public debt jumped from 67% of GDP to 246% of GDP today, with the latest
upward
push provided by the dubious “Abenomics” economic strategy being pursued by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s government.
This may be the right response if the inflows and
upward
pressure on the exchange rate are driven by fundamental factors (a current-account surplus, an undervalued currency, a large and persistent growth differential).
This is effective in stemming
upward
exchange-rate pressure, but it feeds the beast: it exacerbates overheating in already fast-growing emerging markets, causing inflation and leading to excessive credit growth, which can fuel dangerous asset bubbles.
Fiscal deficits so large that they put the debt-to-GDP ratio on an explosive
upward
trend do not merely act as a drag on long-term economic growth; they also create the possibility that at any moment the economy might face an immediate macroeconomic and financial disaster.
It also incites insecurity in the middle class because it signals that the risks of falling down the social ladder are increasing at the very moment an
upward
climb becomes more difficult.
In economic jargon, the supply curve of labor was flat but is now sloping upward, so that rapidly increasing demand for labor resulting from rapid growth is driving up wages.
In the case of Japan today, the exchange rate is being determined less by its own monetary expansion than by America’s move toward monetary tightening, following a period during which massive quantitative easing (QE) by the US Federal Reserve put
upward
pressure on the yen.
The legislative one-two punch of tax reform and spending increases puts the US federal debt on an
upward
path.
The spillover of inflation from China to Europe may explain the recent
upward
pressure on prices in Germany.
By now, it has become clear that every success story has its dark side, and that no economy is likely to continue to rocket
upward
indefinitely.
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