Trials
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727 examples of Trials in a sentence
It's very, very costly, and that means that, outside the clinical trials, it's just never done.
We can perform low-cost mass recruitment for clinical trials, and we can make population-scale screening feasible for the first time.
And we did this because we think that it's actually going to allow us to realize the potential, the promise, of all of the sequencing of the human genome, but it's going to allow us, in doing that, to actually do clinical
trials
in a dish with human cells, not animal cells, to generate drugs and treatments that are much more effective, much safer, much faster, and at a much lower cost.
Between late childhood and mid-adolescence, there's an improvement, in other words a reduction of errors, in both of these trials, in both of these conditions.
There are academic journals like "Trials," the open access journal, which will publish any trial conducted in humans regardless of whether it has a positive or a negative result.
In fact, seven
trials
were conducted comparing reboxetine against a dummy placebo sugar pill.
Three
trials
were published comparing reboxetine against other antidepressants in which reboxetine was just as good, and they were published, but three times as many patients' worth of data was collected which showed that reboxetine was worse than those other treatments, and those
trials
were not published.
So this took all of the
trials
that had ever been conducted on antidepressants that were approved over a 15-year period by the FDA.
They took all of the
trials
which were submitted to the FDA as part of the approval package.
So that's not all of the
trials
that were ever conducted on these drugs, because we can never know if we have those, but it is the ones that were conducted in order to get the marketing authorization.
And then they went to see if these
trials
had been published in the peer-reviewed academic literature.
Half of these
trials
were positive, half of them were negative, in reality.
But when they went to look for these
trials
in the peer-reviewed academic literature, what they found was a very different picture.
Only three of the negative
trials
were published, but all but one of the positive
trials
were published.
About half of all trials, on average, go missing in action, and we know that positive findings are around twice as likely to be published as negative findings.
Now when the Cochrane systematic reviewers were trying to collect together all of the data from all of the
trials
that had ever been conducted on whether Tamiflu actually did this or not, they found that several of those
trials
were unpublished.
And when they started obtaining the writeups of those
trials
through various different means, through Freedom of Information Act requests, through harassing various different organizations, what they found was inconsistent.
First of all, we had
trials
registers, and everybody said, oh, it's okay.
We'll get everyone to register their trials, they'll post the protocol, they'll say what they're going to do before they do it, and then afterwards we'll be able to check and see if all the
trials
which have been conducted and completed have been published.
We won't publish any journals, we won't publish any trials, unless they've been registered before they began.
In 2008, a study was conducted which showed that half of all of
trials
published by journals edited by members of the ICMJE weren't properly registered, and a quarter of them weren't registered at all.
We need to force people to publish all
trials
conducted in humans, including the older trials, because the FDA Amendment Act only asks that you publish the
trials
conducted after 2008, and I don't know what world it is in which we're only practicing medicine on the basis of
trials
that completed in the past two years.
We need to publish all
trials
in humans, including the older trials, for all drugs in current use, and you need to tell everyone you know that this is a problem and that it has not been fixed.
So the data that we collect for prostate cancer or for Alzheimer's
trials
goes into silos where it can only be used for prostate cancer or for Alzheimer's research.
We cannot take the information from past
trials
and put them together to form statistically significant samples.
There's been thousands of trials, hundreds of studies, and there's some really compelling findings.
You go from drug formulation, lab testing, animal testing, and then clinical trials, which you might call human testing, before the drugs get to market.
And so thinking about the models that we've just discussed, you can see, going forward, that tissue engineering is actually poised to help revolutionize drug screening at every single step of the path: disease models making for better drug formulations, massively parallel human tissue models helping to revolutionize lab testing, reduce animal testing and human testing in clinical trials, and individualized therapies that disrupt what we even consider to be a market at all.
So I went to the company's website looking to find some controlled
trials
of their products.
So we've done field
trials
now in the Cayman Islands, a small one in Malaysia, and two more now in Brazil.
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