Surpluses in sentence

590 examples of Surpluses in a sentence

When the ECB begins to alter course and international financial flows respond, there will be adjustments in the European and German balance of payments, and today’s large current-account surpluses will contract without German fiscal stimulus.

But, in large part – and with a few exceptions in Central and Eastern Europe – emerging-market economies improved their fiscal performance by reducing overall deficits, running large primary surpluses, lowering their stock of public debt-to-GDP ratios, and reducing the currency and maturity mismatches in their public debt.

When then-Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin – who had presided over budget surpluses, helped to build up the reserve fund and cut state debt considerably – argued that Russia could not afford such an increase, he was fired.

Ignore the fact that bilateral balances are irrelevant for welfare when countries run surpluses with some trade partners and deficits with others.

Those with large surpluses (such as China) will be under increasing pressure – including the threat of retaliation – to rein in their “mercantilist” policies.

Germany refuses to accept that its beggar-thy-neighbor economic policies – reflected in its massive current-account surpluses – are both a cause of the eurozone crisis and a major impediment to resolving it.

Thanks to persistent current-account and capital-account surpluses for two decades, China has accumulated $3.2 trillion in foreign-exchange reserves.

But China is still running twin surpluses, and there is a lingering question about whether the fall is structural or cyclical.

For a decade now, the world economy has suffered from tremendous global imbalances: massive external surpluses in countries like China, Japan, Germany, Switzerland, and the oil producers, matched by equally large external deficits in the US, the United Kingdom, Spain, and others.

Countries running surpluses accumulate massive stocks of foreign assets, and those resources have to be invested somewhere.

Trump has often condemned countries like China and Germany, because he views their surpluses as direct corollaries to America’s deficit.

At the same time, Brazil - which has followed sound economic policies and has healthy budget and trade surpluses - cannot refinance its debt at acceptable rates.

In the latter case, however, they must commit not to run large current-account surpluses and accumulate excess foreign-exchange reserves.

Meanwhile, the core countries, already running trade surpluses (in some cases as high as 6% of GDP), have no incentive to strengthen the aggregate demand that would relieve pressure on their partners.

That “golden era” ended with the so-called Nixon shock in 1971, when America lost the surpluses that, recycled internationally, kept global capitalism stable.

Increasingly, Russia’s oil surpluses drive economic growth through rising investment, which boosts construction and consumption, in turn benefiting retail trade and finance.

Local climate change can, of course, exacerbate the situation, but given the scope for world trade and the existence of surpluses in many food producing areas, democratic governments can deal with the consequences.

They would run down their trade surpluses and, in some cases, allow their currencies to appreciate.

Thus, they would minimize the deterioration in their trade surpluses, maintain competitive exchange rates, and safeguard their foreign reserves and net-creditor positions.

It is hard to argue that the RMB is not undervalued, given China’s large and persistent current-account and capital-account surpluses.

A key pillar of their prevention strategy is to scale back “global imbalances,” a euphemism for the huge US trade deficit and the corresponding trade surpluses elsewhere, not least China.

In the run-up to the financial crisis, the US external deficit was soaking up almost 70% of the excess funds saved by China, Japan, Germany, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and all the countries with current-account surpluses combined.

The reason is obvious: Japan has run sizeable current-account surpluses for decades, giving it more than sufficient domestic savings to absorb all of its public debt at home.

The accumulation of foreign assets is a logical corollary of these surpluses, not to mention an imperative for an aging society.

Huge surpluses in the three years since 1999 far outweigh the official deficits forecast in the next two years.

But the Chancellor has so much room for maneuver in the next few years only because of the big surpluses he accumulated earlier in the cycle.

The Government's tax and spending positions have changed mightily since then, so Brown cannot rely on similar surpluses at the equivalent stage of the next cycle.

Our current world is a mix of people still subsisting with almost no external income, people generating (and consuming) surpluses, and other people consuming surpluses generated by others.

Nor can one argue that Brazil’s government under President Lula has not been characterized by moderation, following a more orthodox economic policy even than that of its predecessor, one based on fiscal discipline, budget surpluses, and an anti-inflationary monetary policy.

Each country should regain full control of its fiscal policy but delegate its macroeconomic component, decisions about deficits or surpluses, to an independent Fiscal Policy Committee given the long-run mandate of stabilizing, or in some countries reducing, the size of the public debt.

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