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Surpluses in sentence

590 examples of Surpluses in a sentence

Not all Americans are enthused about President Bush's rapid conversion of trillion dollar surpluses into deficits, nor does a majority embrace his proposals to privatize America's social security system, which has done so much to eliminate poverty among America's elderly.
Finally, note that large excess savings and balanced government budgets necessarily mean large trade surpluses – and thus the increasing reliance of Germany, and Europe, on massive net exports to the United States and Asia.
Third, advanced and emerging economies that are running chronic surpluses must get rid of them.
What is true of Germany is also true of most of the countries of Northern Europe, many of which now run current-account surpluses that are even larger as a proportion of GDP.
The arithmetic of global trade implies that the sum of all trade deficits equals the sum of all trade surpluses.
If some countries, say, Japan and China, insist on running huge surpluses year after year, then other countries must run deficits.
If Germany’s current-account surpluses, currently running at 9% of GDP, were universalized, with every member state’s government, private sector, and households net savers, the euro would shoot through the roof, destroying most of Europe’s manufacturing.
Only one fact really mattered: powerful export performance, with both countries maintaining large trade surpluses over several years and through different stages of the economic cycle.
The buildup of assets associated with external surpluses, together with continuing export strength, looked like a guarantee of their currencies.
Alongside rising trade and current-account surpluses, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) maintained a policy of intervening in the foreign-exchange market to dampen appreciation, thereby amassing huge foreign exchange reserves.
The Middle East’s Oil-Price ProblemCAMBRIDGE – Between 2014 and 2016, Middle Eastern oil-exporting countries’ revenues fell by an average of more than one-third – or 15% of GDP – and their current-account surpluses have swung violently to double-digit deficits.
If Italy and Spain have budget surpluses and declining debt/GDP ratios, financial markets will reduce the interest rates on their bonds without the proposed ECB purchases.
Likewise, Spain and Ireland had fiscal surpluses and low debt/GDP ratios before the crisis.
The policies that China will adopt as part of its new five-year plan will shrink its trade and current-account surpluses.
To be sure, the Trump administration is not entirely wrong to call out countries, like Germany, with large current-account surpluses, about which all countries, including in Europe, should be concerned.
For starters, running surpluses against the US implies accumulating foreign-exchange reserves.
China’s trade surplus might shrink by half of that amount (with cuts in trade surpluses also spread over other global regions), meaning a shift in Chinese GNP toward internal demand and away from net exports equal to between 5% and 10% of China’s GNP.
Trade flows may be driven substantially by longevity: countries expecting a relatively large number of elderly in the future should be running trade surpluses now and deficits later.
Japan’s past predilection toward saving has long implied a large trade and current-account surplus, but now these surpluses are starting to swing the other way.
Meanwhile, new energy-extraction technologies, combined with a softer trajectory for global growth, are having a marked impact on commodity prices, cutting deeply into the surpluses of commodity exporters from Argentina to Saudi Arabia.
Germany and the eurozone core were already running large surpluses; in the absence of policies to boost domestic demand, those surpluses have simply risen further.
In particular, China has followed a strategy in the past decade or so that entails running large current-account surpluses and building up foreign-exchange reserves, which are now reported to be in excess of $3 trillion.
Third, countries like Thailand that were running large external deficits, heightening their dependence on foreign finance, are now running surpluses.
Running surpluses has helped them accumulate foreign-exchange reserves, which serve as a form of insurance.
Such forecasts underlie governments’ failure to take advantage of boom periods to strengthen their finances, including running budget surpluses.
During the expansion of 2001-2007, for example, the US government projected that budget surpluses would remain strong.
In particular, such forecasts explain the failure to run surpluses during the economic expansion from 2002-2007: if growth is projected to last indefinitely, retrenchment is deemed unnecessary.
Thus, unlike many countries in the North, Chile took advantage of the 2002-2007 expansion to run substantial budget surpluses, which enabled it to loosen fiscal policy in the 2008-2009 recession.
Moreover, the pattern of accumulating reserves via current-account surpluses, net private capital inflows, or both – a legacy of the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis – will continue and perhaps become even more pronounced.
Having entered the 2008-2009 crisis with sound initial conditions (including large international reserves, budget and balance-of-payments surpluses, and highly capitalized banks), they are nowhere near exhausting their fiscal and financial flexibility – and hence their capacity to respond to future shocks.
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