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Surplus in sentence

1438 examples of Surplus in a sentence

Beginning in the middle of that decade, however, the trade surplus for services increased significantly, while the deficit for goods started to expand.
Then the imbalance shifted, and China registered a $60 million trade surplus with the US, which accounted for 0.3% of the total US external deficit.
Second, the size of other countries’ surplus with the US has not increased much.
Japan’s trade surplus with the US was $103 billion in 1985; by 2007, it had increased to only $130 billion.
The increase in China’s trade surplus with the US since 1985 has been driven primarily by the evolution of the East Asian economy.
However, while China’s trade surplus with the US rapidly increased, the contribution of the East Asian region to the US trade deficit declined.
Moreover, the size of China’s trade surplus with the US has been systematically overstated, because the capital-intensive components of its labor-intensive manufacturing products are primarily imported from South Korea and Taiwan.
As China’s labor costs rise, its trade surplus with the US will be transferred to countries and regions that have lower labor costs and are willing to accommodate labor-intensive manufacturing.
France was among the leading critics of Ireland, when, in 2000, the Irish government reduced its budget surplus, which then stood at 4% of GDP, by a mere 0.5%.
A few months later, in November, the Eurogroup (comprising eurozone members’ finance ministers) indicated that debt relief would be finalized by December 2014, once the 2012 program was “successfully” completed and the Greek government’s budget had attained a primary surplus (which excludes interest payments).
In 2015, however, with the primary surplus achieved, Greece’s creditors refused even to discuss debt relief.
The Financial Roots of the Eurozone SurplusLONDON – In December 2017, the eurozone’s current-account surplus reached an all-time high of €391 billion ($483 billion), prompting the usual calls for Germany to “do more” to resolve the imbalance through fiscal policy.
To be sure, Germany accounts for the largest share of the eurozone’s external surplus, and three related arguments are typically used to justify the call for German authorities to use fiscal policy to address it.
Moreover, a looser fiscal policy would stimulate German domestic demand, resulting in higher imports and a smaller current-account surplus.
In the 12 months to December 2017, Germany’s current-account surplus was €257 billion (nearly 8% of GDP), and net portfolio investment outflows were €206 billion (about 6% of GDP).
At the beginning of the year, when Rousseff’s second presidential term officially began, her administration’s priorities were clear: implement a credible fiscal-adjustment program that would take the primary budget balance (which excludes interest payments) comfortably back into surplus and reduce the growth rate of public debt to sustainable levels.
Such a program would include increasing the primary surplus to 2-3% of GDP over the medium term; constraining government expenditures (the tax burden is already sky high); and eliminating indexing rules that make spending overly rigid.
And, with the eurozone running a current-account surplus of nearly $350 billion – which the euro’s recent decline will bolster further – there is no risk of a eurozone-wide balance-of-payments crisis.
Mercantilism suggests, among other things, that Germany is the world’s strongest economy, because it has the largest current-account surplus.
In 2016, Germany ran a current-account surplus of roughly €270 billion ($297 billion), or 8.6% of GDP, making it an obvious target of Trump’s ire.
And its bilateral trade surplus of $65 billion with the United States presumably makes it an even more irresistible target.
Back in the real world, the explanation for Germany’s external surplus is not that it manipulates its currency or discriminates against imports, but that it saves more than it invests.
This makes sense insofar as the German government is a massive net saver; the 2016 budget surplus was €23.7 billion, a record high.
The question, ultimately, is why Germany should seek to reduce its current-account surplus.
Consider China, where the saving and investment rates are near 40%, where the current account is in surplus and there is no public debt.
Indeed, the US current-account deficit is widening once again just as Germany’s current-account surplus is expected to hit a high of about 8.5% of GDP this year (about three times China’s ratio).
Given how high interest rates would have to be to attract investors, this will be no easy feat, especially because the railways currently have an operating surplus of just 6%, or about $100 million annually – barely 1% of the amount needed to upgrade and modernize the network.
In that scenario, 100% of consumer surplus could potentially be extracted 100% of the time.
This, together with the systematic “extraction” of consumer surplus, will have far-reaching macroeconomic implications, particularly through changes in private consumption patterns.
At a global level, more must be done to address macroeconomic imbalances and generate demand in surplus countries, including developed economies like Germany.
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