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Surplus in sentence

1438 examples of Surplus in a sentence

Surplus emerging-market economies must understand that a prolonged contraction in the developed world creates a real danger of a global downturn at a time when they no longer retain the room for maneuver that they had four years ago.
Since the mid-1990’s, the net current-account surplus of “all the rest” has risen by an amount that one Federal Reserve Bank economist has put at $450 billion a year, not because savings rates have increased, but because investment rates have fallen.
Yes, the US needs tax increases to move the federal budget into surplus and policies to boost private savings.
Until recently, the region maintained a trade surplus with the US, but with liberalization, the region will increase imports of more affordable goods, thereby turning the surplus into a deficit.
That causes unemployment and increases what the blogger Clay Shirky calls “cognitive surplus” – unused brainpower.
But it is exciting to see a company designed to extract some of the highest-value cognitive surplus around, and to make money both for the company and its – well, they are not exactly workers.
Call them members – or even sellers of their own cognitive surplus through an exchange set up for that purpose.
A technologically stagnant agricultural society is bound to be an extremely unequal one: by force and fraud, the upper class push the peasants’ standards of living down to subsistence and take the surplus as the rent on the land they control.
The high rents paid to noble landlords increase their wealth and power by giving them the resources to keep the peasants down and widen the surplus – for, after all, they cannot make more land.
Unfortunately, with a large export sector that employs scores of millions of workers, this dependence has become structural, which implies that to reduce China’s trade dependency and trade surplus is much more than a matter of adjusting macroeconomic policy.
It is that strategic objective that underlies America’s recent economic maneuvers, including Trump’s extravagant demand that China cut its trade surplus with the US by $200 billion in two years.
Exploiting what Valéry Giscard d’Estaing called the “exorbitant privilege” of the world’s reserve currency, the US borrowed surplus savings from abroad on very attractive terms, running massive balance-of-payments, or current-account, deficits to attract foreign capital.
The IMF can also play a useful role in helping surplus countries manage their foreign exchange reserves, much as the Bank for International Settlements already does.
Since 2008, China’s current-account surplus as a proportion of GDP has fallen significantly.
Even the most robust economies have a surplus of ideas that never reach consumers.
And an unwillingness to trade away export-led growth is having the same effect on the East’s surplus countries (especially China).
A better way to understand a current-account surplus (or deficit) is as a measure of a country’s saving (or dissaving) toward the future.
A significantly undervalued currency implies a potentially large trade surplus.
Ordinarily, a large surplus puts upward pressure on the country’s currency – making its exports less competitive and boosting demand for imported goods and services.
The idea that a country can achieve a trade surplus by importing nothing is as fanciful as the idea that a government can repay its debt by starving itself of revenue.
While Germany’s public sector currently boasts a surplus of about 1.3% of GDP, that is largely the result of good luck, not good policy: without low interest rates and a strong labor market, the federal budget would be in deficit.
But that is no reason for the government to waste its sizable fiscal surplus on economically useless tax cuts and spending increases.
On the contrary, the surplus creates an important opportunity to tackle the long-run challenges that Germany faces – an opportunity that Merkel’s next government must not waste.
Russia’s budget surplus has stood at more than 7% of GDP in the last two years, public debt has dwindled to only 8% of GDP, from 100% in 1999, and the current account surplus has averaged at 10% of GDP for the last eight years.
By relenting just a little to intense global pressure to revalue its exchange rate, the Chinese leadership has masterfully stifled the growing chorus of demands to rein in its growing trade surplus.
With the exception of 2009, the primary balance (which excludes interest payments) has been in surplus for the last 20 years.
It is running a current-account surplus that is now larger than China’s – indeed, the largest in the world in absolute value.
In the past year, the RMB has appreciated by 6%, but the pace is not fast enough to reduce China’s global trade surplus, its internal imbalances, or foreign-exchange-market pressures.
China found it useful to run a large trade surplus, using a very high rate of internal savings and inward foreign investment to support its industrialization and rapid growth.
But the rise of extreme CEO compensation in the US, documented by Piketty and others, may reflect CEOs’ ability to disrupt the team if they do not get part of the surplus.
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