Proteins
in sentence
328 examples of Proteins in a sentence
But the problem is that
proteins
are really hard to make and the only practical way to get them is to get cells to make them for you.
So of course, with natural cells, you can only get them to make
proteins
with the natural amino acids, and so the properties those
proteins
can have, the applications they could be developed for, must be limited by the nature of those amino acids that the protein's built from.
Now, they're much simpler than proteins, but they're routinely built from a much broader range of diverse things.
So it's really provocative to wonder what sort of new protein drugs you could develop if you could build
proteins
from more diverse things.
So can we get our semisynthetic organism to make
proteins
that include new and different amino acids, maybe amino acids selected to confer the protein with some desired property or function?
For example, many
proteins
just aren't stable when you inject them into people.
What if we could make
proteins
with new amino acids with things attached to them that protect them from their environment, that protect them from being degraded or eliminated, so that they could be better drugs?
Could we make
proteins
with little fingers attached that specifically grab on to other molecules?
So getting our semisynthetic cells to act as little factories to produce better protein drugs isn't the only potentially really interesting application, because remember, it's the
proteins
that allow cells to do what they do.
So if we have cells that make new
proteins
with new functions, could we get them to do things that natural cells can't do?
But all the motivations that we just talked about require cells to use X and Y to make proteins, so we started working on that.
And late last year, we showed that they could then use X and Y to make
proteins.
But within every one of these proteins, there's a new amino acid that natural life can't build
proteins
with.
Every living cell, every living cell ever, has made every one of its
proteins
using a four-letter genetic alphabet.
We had almost 300 blood samples from healthy human beings 20 to 89 years of age, and we measured over 100 of these communication factors, these hormone-like
proteins
that transport information between tissues.
It does so by combining not two materials, but two
proteins
in different concentrations.
We could look at seaweed, the kelps, all these different varieties of things that can be high in omega-3s, can be high in proteins, tremendously good things.
At 144 degrees, changes begin in the proteins, which come mostly from the eggs in your dough.
Eggs are composed of dozens of different kinds of proteins, each sensitive to a different temperature.
In an egg fresh from the hen, these
proteins
look like coiled up balls of string.
Maillard reactions result when
proteins
and sugars break down and rearrange themselves, forming ring-like structures, which reflect light in a way that gives foods like Thanksgiving turkey and hamburgers their distinctive, rich brown color.
After immediate sensory data is temporarily transcribed by neurons in the cortex, it travels to the hippocampus, where special
proteins
work to strengthen the cortical synaptic connections.
Most genes will code for proteins, so we look at the proteome.
What are the
proteins
made in response to drying?
Some
proteins
would code for enzymes which make metabolites, so we look at the metabolome.
One of the things that they do, one of their miraculous feats, is they produce lots of these fluorescent proteins, fluorescent molecules.
This is a cluster of light-sensitive
proteins
linked to the organism's flagellum, activating when it finds light and, therefore, food.
It seemed to us that DNA, the most fundamental structure of life, that codes for the production of all of our proteins, is both a product of nature and a law of nature, regardless of whether it's in our bodies or sitting in the bottom of a test tube.
For example, they'll break
proteins
into their component amino acids and then break those down even further into various compounds.
Eggs are mostly made of water and
proteins.
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