Parasites
in sentence
123 examples of Parasites in a sentence
How
Parasites
Pull the StringsLIVERPOOL – Science fiction has long explored the terrifying possibility that we are devoid of free will, and that some unpleasant creature could control our minds or turn us into plodding zombies.
It is also a common method by which
parasites
gain access to environments where they can grow, reproduce, and complete their life cycles.
These
parasites
make their hosts seek a higher elevation, which expands the reach of their infectious spores or particles.
And parasites’ mind-control abilities are not limited to invertebrates.
How can these puppet-master
parasites
control the brains of such diverse invertebrate and vertebrate species?
Thanks to genomics and proteomics, we have begun to understand the role that neurotransmitters play in allowing
parasites
to manipulate host behavior.
Parasites
that infect invertebrates can also manipulate neurotransmitter levels.
We are only just beginning to understand how these diverse puppet-master
parasites
can manipulate invertebrate and vertebrate behavior.
Even in many middle-income and higher-income countries, there have been surges of new and re-emerging infectious diseases, as a result of increased global travel, the opening of new regions to settlement, and the overuse of antibiotics with a resulting spread of disease-resistant
parasites.
I soon learned that, as bacteria and
parasites
develop resistance to existing drugs, like antibiotics and antimalarial medications, the world is at risk of losing its battle against infectious diseases.
Indeed, we know which viruses, bacteria, and
parasites
we need to target; which interventions are likely to work; and which countries need them the most.
Other diseases, such as sleeping sickness, transmitted by tsetse flies are fatal if untreated, as is leishmaniasis, if the
parasites
that cause it – transmitted by tiny sandflies – invade the liver and spleen.
It was a rich country, a great producer of food, where endemic diseases such as leprosy, parasites, and tuberculosis had been defeated and literacy thrived.
The information about Costa Rican deer ticks comes from an inventory of
parasites
of vertebrates in northern Costa Rica, but it is the only inventory of its kind ever undertaken.
More than 50% of the species on this planet are
parasites
of some form, including pathogens affecting humans, livestock, crops, and wildlife.
Intestinal
parasites
such as roundworm, whipworm, and hookworm strip iron from sufferers’ guts, causing disease and intellectual retardation.
The
parasites
that carry the infection – Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in central and western Africa and T. b. rhodesiense in eastern Africa – are transmitted through the bite of an infected tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans morsitan).
African animal trypanosomiasis, or nagana, is caused by the
parasites
Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax, and T. brucei – all of which are transmitted by the tsetse fly.
In some cases, the host’s immune system is even manipulated by one parasite in order to enhance the host's resistance to super-infection by rival, invading
parasites.
It also took with it into oblivion an unknown number of parasite species that made the monkey their home -
parasites
that might have included viruses, bacteria, protozoans, fungi, tapeworms, and other gruesome creatures.
Surprisingly, it is
parasites
that will disappear in the greatest numbers, because
parasites
represent the vast majority of Earth's biodiversity.
After all, we typically think of
parasites
with fear and loathing.
But
parasites
are nature's great success story.
Parasites
have evolved into remarkably sophisticated creatures along the way.
They can biochemically castrate their hosts, so that they don't waste energy making eggs or finding mates when they could be feeding the
parasites.
Parasites
can even control the behavior of their hosts to ensure their own reproductive success.
Many species of parasites, for example, need to live inside two or more species to complete their life cycle.
Often the first host is prey for the second, and so the
parasites
helps the predators catch their prey.
Parasites
may not win anyone's love, but they should win our respect.
So when we take strides to preserve biodiversity, we should not forget the
parasites
that live inside endangered hosts, like the ones that lived in Miss Waldron's Red Colobus.
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