Mutation
in sentence
128 examples of Mutation in a sentence
So, as you all know, species lived in particular ecological niches and particular environments, and the pressures of those environments selected which changes, through random
mutation
in species, were going to be preserved.
If you have this deleterious
mutation
in this gene, you're 90 percent likely to get cancer in your life.
I mean, if they have the same mutation, and they get this genetic test and they understand it, then they can get regular screens and can catch cancer early, and potentially live a significantly longer life.
And what they find is a single-point
mutation
in a gene responsible for controlling programmed cell death.
Any time there is a program that's better at surviving in this world, due to whatever
mutation
it has acquired, it is going to spread over the others and drive the others to extinction.
And below there, I show, in fact, the
mutation
rate in the environment.
And I'm starting this at a
mutation
rate that is so high that even if you would drop a replicating program that would otherwise happily grow up to fill the entire world, if you drop it in, it gets mutated to death immediately.
So there is no life possible at that type of
mutation
rate.
And then, once you hit the threshold where the
mutation
rate is so high that you cannot self-reproduce, you cannot copy the information forward to your offspring without making so many mistakes that your ability to replicate vanishes.
I just told you that, if you make a
mutation
in the daf-2 gene cell, that you get a receptor that doesn't work as well; the animal lives longer.
So after we made our discoveries with little C. elegans, people who worked on other kinds of animals started asking, if we made the same daf-2 mutation, the hormone receptor mutation, in other animals, will they live longer?
There's a
mutation
in the gene and one of them mutates to follow a selfish strategy.
And if that is the normal state of affairs, then you might ask yourself, all right, so if we want to create something else, how big does a
mutation
have to be? Well Svante Paabo has the answer.
So about 10,000 years ago by the Black Sea, we had one
mutation
in one gene which led to blue eyes.
I hoped we could make a flu vaccine that would be effective against the virus and
mutation
of it, should it ever return.
So if it is the same, this indicates that that site is important for a function, so a disease
mutation
should fall within that site.
Put them all together, and put all this under kind of natural selection, under mutation, and rewarded things for how well they can move forward.
There are repositories where you can just pick up the phone and order hundreds of vials of flies of different mutants and screen them in your assay and then find out what gene is affected in the
mutation.
So doing the screen, we discovered one mutant that took much longer than normal to calm down after the air puffs, and when we examined the gene that was affected in this mutation, it turned out to encode a dopamine receptor.
Cystic fibrosis had its molecular cause discovered in 1989 by my group working with another group in Toronto, discovering what the
mutation
was in a particular gene on chromosome 7.
Only about one in every four million kids has this disease, and in a simple way, what happens is, because of a
mutation
in a particular gene, a protein is made that's toxic to the cell and it causes these individuals to age at about seven times the normal rate.
And that is, there is an abnormal gene, a
mutation
in the gene that causes this abnormal cross wiring.
Our poetry is our mutation, our life.
Because that is our intelligence of
mutation
and things like that.
The more you will rise, to see far and high, like that, the more you will be important for the story of our
mutation.
If the two strands of DNA then separate, leading to the process of replication, and the two protons are in the wrong positions, this can lead to a
mutation.
So if we were able to program the CRISPR technology to make a break in DNA at the position at or near a
mutation
causing cystic fibrosis, for example, we could trigger cells to repair that
mutation.
Maybe an individual cell's set of instructions, or DNA, gets a typo, what we call a
mutation.
Once the least similar sequences are weeded out, the algorithm can reapply
mutation
and recombination to what's left, select the most similar, or fitted ones, again from the new generation, and repeat for many generations.
And, like most supervillains these days, their superpowers come from a genetic
mutation.
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