Manufacturing
in sentence
1925 examples of Manufacturing in a sentence
Russia’s uncompetitive
manufacturing
sector certainly cannot pick up the slack, and this is unlikely to change, given Putin’s unwillingness to pursue the needed shift to a more knowledge-intensive economy.
China has been highly successful in its initial efforts to shift the industrial structure of its economy from
manufacturing
to services, which have long been viewed as the foundation of modern consumer societies.
But 2% growth (a respectable rate for an advanced economy) would represent a major blow to Russia’s standing and Putin’s personal prestige, and could endanger domestic stability if jobs are lost in critical
manufacturing
sectors.
The share of
manufacturing
in low-income Sub-Saharan countries is broadly stagnant – and in some cases declining.
Second,
manufacturing
jobs did not require much skill: farmers could be turned into production workers in factories with little investment in additional training.
And, third,
manufacturing
demand was not constrained by low domestic incomes: production could expand virtually without limit, through exports.
It is now well documented that
manufacturing
has become increasingly skill-intensive in recent decades.
Along with globalization, this has made it very difficult for newcomers to break into world markets for
manufacturing
in a big way and replicate the experience of Asia’s
manufacturing
superstars.
Labor has been moving from low-productivity agricultural activities to higher-productivity activities, but the latter are mostly services rather than
manufacturing.
Although automation accounts for more of the decline in US
manufacturing
employment than does trade, China has developed a reputation as an economic predator.
That, in turn, has reflected the fall in labor income as a share of the economy, owing in part to structural changes that have moved workers out of agriculture (where the labor share of income is high) and into
manufacturing
(where capital commands a larger share of income).
In the coming years, a more fully-fledged service economy will be an essential ingredient to increase employment and lessen China’s reliance on
manufacturing.
Distortions in key prices that favor capital-intensive
manufacturing
need to be removed by raising the cost of land, energy, water, and capital.
Automation is set to sustain, and even accelerate, change on the demand side of labor markets, in areas ranging from
manufacturing
and logistics to medicine and law, while supply-side responses will be much slower.
The idea dates back to renaissance Italy, but modern patent law originated in England, where, in 1624, the Statute of Monopolies was enacted to grant a 14-year exclusive right to the "true and first inventor" of any
manufacturing
method.
Asia’s boom was driven largely by intraregional
manufacturing
linkages: intermediate goods and parts were sourced from within Asia for assembly into final goods exported to advanced economies.
But the same authorities have already opened their economies’
manufacturing
and agriculture sectors for the common good, even at the expense of minority groups like farmers and factory workers.
Asian policymakers must remember how they successfully developed their
manufacturing
sector – through competition.
Or consider the future of
manufacturing.
But the steam engine went on to revolutionize
manufacturing
and transportation, changing world history and Britain’s place in it – and increasing the usefulness to Britain of having coal in the first place.
Currency undervaluation is currently the Chinese government’s main instrument for subsidizing
manufacturing
and other tradable sectors, and therefore promoting growth through structural change.
These structural risks are largely a result of China’s transformation from an agriculture-led economy to one driven by
manufacturing
exports.
As technology continues to progress, with robotization becoming more accessible, companies that once relied on cheap labor and
manufacturing
exports increasingly need to produce goods and services closer to domestic consumers in open and globally competitive markets.
In this context, China’s only option is to abandon its low-cost
manufacturing
export model and move up global supply chains.
The problem is that the
manufacturing
sector does little to create jobs, largely because relatively high productivity growth in the sector – averaging more than 10% annually over the last two decades – constrains demand for more workers.
This is one of the reasons why the boom of 2006 was incapable of creating additional jobs in German manufacturing; why Germany still has the OECD’s highest unemployment among low-skilled workers; and why aggregate full-time employment has not yet returned to its level in 2000.
Because of the cultural links they and their descendants have maintained with the mother country for more than 120 years, the city excels at advanced
manufacturing
of products that had not been invented when the migrants came.
Renminbi undervaluation has also caused Latin America to reduce its share of global
manufacturing
exports and become even more specialized in raw materials.
As a result of the premature decline of the
manufacturing
sector, unemployment is high in many Latin American countries.
His worry now is that Trump will pursue “a trade policy that will basically result in all the benefits of the tax reform being taken away by higher
manufacturing
costs being passed on to consumers.”
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