Infrastructure
in sentence
4036 examples of Infrastructure in a sentence
Using the state of Rajasthan as an example again, creating the
infrastructure
to store and transport milk, fruit, and vegetables safely would cost half as much as loan waivers.
The first point of that agenda should be to fast-track
infrastructure
investment.
The China BacklashHONG KONG – On a recent official visit to China, Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad criticized his host country’s use of major
infrastructure
projects – and difficult-to-repay loans – to assert its influence over smaller countries.
Since 2013, under the umbrella of its “Belt and Road Initiative,” China has been funding and implementing large
infrastructure
projects in countries around the world, in order to help align their interests with its own, gain a political foothold in strategic locations, and export its industrial surpluses.
Myanmar, hoping to secure needed
infrastructure
without becoming caught up in a Chinese debt trap, has used the threat of cancellation to negotiate a reduction in the cost of its planned Kyaukpyu port from $7.3 billion to $1.3 billion.
The DRC’s poor communications and transportation
infrastructure
makes it virtually impossible for most Congolese, government officials, and election observers to circulate freely.
More money from the EU budget now goes to nuclear research than to non-nuclear research and development, and more
infrastructure
funding goes to carbon capture and storage (CCS) and conventional energy than to renewable energies.
Shifting to renewable-energy sources will require enormous effort and major
infrastructure
investment.
This miserable situation has been attributed to various causes, mainly lack of
infrastructure
and local economic conditions.
The Russians bombed numerous strategic and civilian targets in Georgia, destroying
infrastructure
and producing growing shortages of food, fuel, and medicine.
In terms of physical infrastructure, China’s most dynamic cities – such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Foshan – already resemble Western metropolises like Paris and Chicago.
But this “hardware” is inefficient without the “software” needed to manage it – namely, as Coase suggested, an efficient property-rights
infrastructure
(the laws, procedures, and administrative capacity needed to support efficient, fair, and innovative markets).
Rather, an expanding market needs a strong government, but with a more targeted approach that emphasizes, for example, developing the property-rights infrastructure, building the human talent pool, and implementing macroeconomic policies that support high-quality growth.
And yet, even with damage to
infrastructure
such as road and rail links, the tsunamis’ overall economic impact is expected to be minor.
Indeed, any government that builds
infrastructure
and allocates land titles on the scale of the nineteenth-century US government is “Big Government” incarnate.
This implies an arbitrage opportunity for governments: borrow massively at these low (or even negative) real interest rates, and invest the proceeds in positive-returning projects, such as
infrastructure
or education.
Surely, governments’ levels of long-term investment in infrastructure, education, and research should be much higher now than they were five or ten years ago, when long-term real interest rates were roughly twice as high.
In many cases, they are already in debt, and struggling to fund their own investment priorities, such as education, infrastructure, and security.
To avoid this perception – and to give refugees real opportunities to thrive – requires grants, not loans, and they need to be delivered not through governments, but directly to programs for refugee education, infrastructure, health care, and employment.
It could also include United Nations agencies like the Food and Agriculture Organization, which has piloted refugee cash-for-work employment programs that are helping to rehabilitate much-needed agricultural
infrastructure
in host countries, while empowering refugees economically.
Spurring faster growth of small- and medium-size enterprises through relatively high investment in physical assets and R&D programs, improved infrastructure, and more rapid urbanization, all of which require a lot of savings to invest, is vital.
For example, China should use its current high savings to build up the country’s
infrastructure
and speed up urbanization, thereby laying a firmer foundation for future development.
Moreover, investment in public
infrastructure
and urban facilities will not create industrial “over-capacity”; instead, it will provide long-term public consumption durables that households and companies will use for years to come.
Depreciation will inflate China's debt burden and increase the costs for additional borrowing that the government may undertake to finance its
infrastructure
investment projects.
If the Asian economies that devalued their currencies recover and significantly increase their exports and China begins to have a large trade deficitBeyond managing the uncertainties surrounding Japan's economy through the rest of this year, the challenge for Chinese policymakers will come when Asian economies start to grow and China’s domestic market heats up because of the government's ambitious
infrastructure
investments.
From the standpoint of growth and employment, public and private debt masked an absence of productivity growth, declining competitiveness in the tradable sector, and a range of underlying structural shortcomings – including labor-market rigidities, deficiencies in education and skills training, and underinvestment in
infrastructure.
If
infrastructure
investment, for example, generates some growth and employment in the short to medium term and higher sustainable growth in the longer term, should we rule it out because some estimates of the multiplier are less than one?
The most likely explanation for the turnaround lies in Trump’s post-election remarks, which have focused largely on his economic agenda’s pro-growth features, such as deregulation, corporate-tax reform, and
infrastructure
spending.
Such measures address imperatives such as
infrastructure
investment, tax reform, and job creation.
As a result, the US government now fails to provide adequately for basic public services such as modern
infrastructure
(fast rail, improved waste treatment, broadband), renewable energy to fight climate change, decent schools, and health-care financing for those who cannot afford it.
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