Which
in sentence
83315 examples of Which in a sentence
Which
tells you something about our place in the universe.
A low entropy configuration is one in
which
there's only a few arrangements that look that way.
And it's by a guy named Pastor Rick Warren, and it's called "The Porpoise Driven Life." (Laughter) And Rick is as a pagan god,
which
I thought was kind of appropriate, in a certain way.
And then finally back into the English,
which
is, we're totally fucked.
Here's a mother and her two year-old cub were traveling on a ship a hundred miles offshore in the middle of nowhere, and they're riding on this big piece of glacier ice,
which
is great for them; they're safe at this point.
Woo.
" Which
means, "Take my camera."
She's trying to force-feed my camera,
which
is every photographer's dream.
And the image of the DVD here is just to illustrate a point that silk follows very subtle topographies of the surface,
which
means that it can replicate features on the nanoscale.
So we tried something out, and we wrote a message in a piece of silk,
which
is right here, and the message is over there.
Which
means that all the devices that you've seen before and all the formats, in principle, can be implanted and disappear.
So I used to embark on these imaginary journeys to find intergalactic objects from planet Krypton,
which
was a lot of fun, but didn't yield much result.
I did a little research, spoke to a couple of my contacts at the Met, and actually found out that this is a game called squall,
which
involves beating a goose with a stick on Shrove Tuesday.
They receive inputs from thousands of upstream partners and compute their own electrical outputs,
which
then, if they pass a certain threshold, will go to thousands of downstream partners.
And this process,
which
takes just a millisecond or so, happens thousands of times a minute in every one of your 100 billion cells, as long as you live and think and feel.
Ideally, we could go through this circuit and turn these different kinds of cell on and off and see whether we could figure out
which
ones contribute to certain functions and
which
ones go wrong in certain pathologies.
If we could turn on the electricity in one cell but not its neighbors, that'd give us the tool to activate and shut down these different cells to figure out what they do and how they contribute to the networks in
which
they're embedded.
Well, there are many molecules that exist in nature
which
are able to convert light into electricity.
If we install these molecules in neurons somehow, then these neurons would become electrically drivable with light, and their neighbors,
which
don't have this molecule, would not.
And it senses light with a little eyespot,
which
works not unlike how our eye works.
And the next thing you know, you have a neuron
which
can be activated with light.
So if we could figure out what cells they are, we could maybe find new targets for
which
drugs can be designed or screened against or maybe places where electrodes could be put in for people who have severe disability.
But we activate different targets in the brain, using that optical fiber array I showed on the previous slide, in order to try and figure out
which
targets can cause the brain to overcome that memory of fear.
If you can delete cells for a few milliseconds or seconds, you can figure out what role they play in the circuits in
which
they're embedded.
I want to close on one story,
which
we think is another possibility,
which
is that maybe these molecules, if you can do ultraprecise control, can be used in the brain itself to make a new kind of prosthetic, an optical prosthetic.
Seventy-five thousand people have Parkinson's deep-brain stimulators implanted, maybe 100,000 people have cochlear implants,
which
allow them to hear.
There's one last elephant in the room: the proteins themselves,
which
come from algae, bacteria and funguses and all over the tree of life.
I wanted to close with one story,
which
we think could potentially be a clinical application.
This is some work that we're doing, led by one of our collaborators, Alan Horsager at USC, and being sought to be commercialized by a start-up company, Eos Neuroscience,
which
is funded by the NIH.
Our hope is that by figuring out brain circuits at a level of abstraction that lets us repair them and engineer them, we can take some of these intractable disorders I mentioned earlier, practically none of
which
are cured, and in the 21st century, make them history.
Since we have an extra minute here, I thought perhaps you could tell us a little bit about these seeds,
which
maybe came from the shaved bit of the building.
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