Sovereign
in sentence
1399 examples of Sovereign in a sentence
But longer-term US interest rates are very much affected by what happens in the rest of the world – and how private-sector investors view US government debt relative to other countries’
sovereign
debt.
The eurozone, a confederation of
sovereign
states with a common currency and common principles and mechanisms, is now failing that test.
Overstretched
sovereign
borrowers on the eurozone periphery argue that issuing government securities backed by all eurozone countries is the only way out of their “debt trap.”
Sadat’s initiative transformed the conflict from a fight about Israel’s right to exist into a negotiation of interests between legitimate
sovereign
states.
Once upon a time, the Fund had scores of programs across the Continent (as Rong Qian, Carmen Reinhart, and I illustrate in new research on “graduation” from
sovereign
debt crises.)
But, for the most part, the
sovereign
default process is slow-motion Kabuki theater.
The proposal will be met with outrage from many governments, especially, but not exclusively, Germany’s, and will be dismissed by the many political candidates who treat
sovereign
debt, built up by the incumbents they are seeking to depose, as the devil’s work.
Back in 2003, partly in response to the Argentine crisis, the IMF proposed a new framework for adjudicating
sovereign
debts.
Even setting aside the more charged and controversial restructuring of
sovereign
debt, the write-off of private debt incurred during the boom (often under a very rosy set of assumptions about borrowers’ future income and wealth) has been an integral part of the resolution of banking crises through much of known history.
In Europe, the tail risk of a eurozone break-up and a loss of market access by Spain and Italy were reduced by last summer’s decision by the European Central Bank to backstop
sovereign
debt.
With the creation one year ago of a $200 billion
sovereign
wealth fund, the China Investment Corporation, Beijing positioned itself for more equity investment (although its early investments, in the Blackstone Group and Morgan Stanley, were widely criticized).
The fact that
sovereign
member states did not deliver on their European commitments is hardly a convincing argument for giving up sovereignty now.
Having dominated East and Southeast Asia for all but the last two centuries of the past two millennia, China is chafing at the current US-led regional order of
sovereign
states, in which even the smallest enjoys the same rights, privileges, and protection as the largest.
It is important that more attention is now paid to public liabilities – not only growing
sovereign
debt, but also larger, non-debt liabilities embedded in social-insurance programs.
Some have
sovereign
wealth funds.
There has been the vast ambition of the single currency, with its intrinsic design flaws; the agony of the financial crisis and its aftermath; and the link between the two in the
sovereign
debt crisis.
Were Berlusconi only a statesman, one could argue that realpolitik is a justifiable prerogative of a
sovereign
state: strategic considerations often trump the pursuit of more noble goals, such as promotion of human rights.
If you are a high-net-worth investor, a
sovereign
wealth fund, or a central bank, it makes perfect sense to hold a modest proportion of your portfolio in gold as a hedge against extreme events.
It would be unfortunate if governments requiring financial institutions to be more prudent in managing risk were at the same time asked to turn a blind eye to
sovereign
risk.
Even if this sounds unfair, it is logical to expect rating agencies, which had been lax in evaluating credit risk, now to be rigorous in assessing all forms of risk, including
sovereign
risk.
The only thing saving the euro in the short term is the European Central Bank’s purchases of
sovereign
bonds, which have kept interest rates from soaring.
Particularly by guaranteeing highly indebted countries’
sovereign
bonds, the ECB has actually weakened the willingness to reform, particularly in the larger European Union countries, whose decrepit economic structures are an obstacle to potential growth, and where more room must be given to private initiative.
The eurozone, currently wrestling with fiscal imbalance and
sovereign
debt risk, has a strong and autonomous central bank, but is fiscally fragmented and only partly unified politically.
Eurozone
sovereign
debt turned out not to be homogenous with respect to risk.
Absent external assistance and a credible plan for restoring fiscal order, Greek
sovereign
debt could not be rolled over, forcing a default, probably in the form of a restructuring of Greek debt.
If the EU wants a monetary union in which
sovereign
debt is relatively homogenous with respect to risk, fiscal discipline must be similarly homogenous.
One would need a sophisticated capability for monitoring and enforcing fiscal policy and
sovereign
debt – or else end up with a repeat of the current situation.
And it probably would require that the EU be able to issue
sovereign
debt.
And, with slow growth, subdued inflation, near-zero short-term interest rates, and more QE, longer-term interest rates in most advanced economies remain low (with the exception of the eurozone periphery, where
sovereign
risk remains relatively high).
Up to the late 1990’s and the advent of monetary union, most European Union
sovereign
debt was domestically held: in 1998, the overall ratio of foreign-held debt was only one-fifth.
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