Sovereign
in sentence
1399 examples of Sovereign in a sentence
Of course, some believe that the Fed’s mass purchases of US debt poses an even bigger risk than Europe’s
sovereign
debt crisis.
This opt-in approach has some critics, but whether a program is categorized as “voluntary” or “mandatory” is beside the point, because international accords generally apply only to the
sovereign
countries that have decided to join them.
A “Grexit” would hit European banks that hold peripheral eurozone countries’
sovereign
bonds.
Although the exposure of Chinese banks and financial institutions to eurozone
sovereign
and banking-sector assets is negligible, post-Grexit capital flight from risky markets could rival, or even surpass, that in the weeks following Lehman Brothers’ collapse in September 2008.
The euro’s rise will soon cause massive pain to the PIIGS, whose recessions will deepen, causing their
sovereign
risk to rise.
The Promise of Middle East
Sovereign
Wealth FundsDUBAI – A decade ago,
sovereign
wealth funds (SWFs) from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) were the behemoths arriving on the global financial scene.
But most
sovereign
investors – which also include sizeable social security and pension funds, such as Saudi Arabia’s General Organization for Social Insurance and Public Pensions Agency – belie clear-cut labels.
Domestically, governments have largely abandoned their efforts to divide
sovereign
holdings into multiple “pockets” that reflected the funds’ diverse investment objectives and wider political considerations.
Consolidation of
sovereign
assets became the name of the game.
Sovereign
investors, including SWFs, are the largest institutional investors in most Arab stock exchanges, holding over 40% of the total market capitalization in the region.
Tellingly, the mandate of the Turkish
sovereign
fund includes deepening the domestic capital market.
The result will be chain reactions similar to those seen in Europe’s sovereign-debt crisis, with a vicious circle of
sovereign
and bank debt leading to credit-rating downgrades and a sharp increase in bond yields.
Unfinished business includes a deposit-insurance scheme, as well as the creation of a senior tranche of safe
sovereign
assets, or eurozone-wide risk-free securities.
And, even there, they relied too heavily on self-policing by
sovereign
states.
The financial crisis forced
sovereign
states to substitute their own credit for the credit that had collapsed, and in Europe each state had to do so on its own, calling into question the creditworthiness of European government bonds.
But European decisions are still made by
sovereign
– and, more important, elected – national governments after endless deliberation.
But a decision to purchase
sovereign
bonds would also need to build on and factor in the institutional specificities of the euro area, including the limits set by the EU Treaty.
Then, earlier this month, amid slowing global growth, German economic indicators swooned, the risk premium on Greek
sovereign
bonds spiked, and ECB statistics showed that investors were pulling out of Italy.
The German Constitutional Court and the ECJ agree that the Lisbon Treaty prohibits the ECB from taking action to support a
sovereign
on the verge of insolvency; that is a fiscal and political issue.
The ECB’s argument that the OMT program’s primary purpose is to prevent a eurozone breakup is unconvincing to the German court, for only a nearly insolvent
sovereign
would risk breaking up the union.
Worse, the ECB has made an ambiguous promise to share losses with private creditors if a distressed
sovereign
does not eventually repay its debts.
These clauses became standard in
sovereign
bonds but were missing in those issued by Argentina before 2001, when the crisis hit.
Either super-CACs need to be designed and introduced (though it will take years to include them in all new bond contracts) or the international community may want to reconsider whether the 2002 IMF proposal for a formal bankruptcy court for
sovereign
borrowers should be resurrected.
But its leaders have never been able to integrate the tribes, the primary units of Yemen’s social structure, into the political system in a manner that generates their unequivocal acceptance of the
sovereign
state.
The risk premia on the
sovereign
debt of Greece, Ireland, and others have not diminished.
The European Commission’s claim that this slowdown reflects high sovereign-default risk, rather than fiscal consolidation, is belied by the UK, where the
sovereign
risk is deemed by markets to be virtually nonexistent.
If she had added that this is a crisis of both
sovereign
and bank debt, she would have been even more right.
This will require a range of measures, such as higher capital requirements on
sovereign
debt, real stress testing of banks, and enlarging the EFSF’s mandate so that it can also recapitalize banks, not just bail out countries.
Yields on the
sovereign
debt of the eurozone periphery’s weak economies have fallen sharply.
Europe’s economy remains shackled by three problems –
sovereign
debt, the euro, and wobbly banks – despite several new policy backstops: the European Stability Mechanism (ESM); the European Central Bank’s easy-money policies and holdings of
sovereign
debt; and the ECB’s takeover in November of supervision of the 130 or so largest pan-eurozone banks.
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