Example collocations logo

Shocks in sentence

1003 examples of Shocks in a sentence

Unrestricted energy flows within the EU would mitigate the risks of supply disruptions or shocks.
Adjustment to shocks is also independent of location in the US.
When the poverty line is raised to per capita daily spending of $2, the global poverty rate rises from 18% to roughly 40%, suggesting that many people are living just above the established poverty line, vulnerable to external shocks or changes in personal circumstances, such as price increases or income losses.
Problems could arise only because of unanticipated shocks, temporary local political difficulties, and – the favorite culprit – irrational markets.
Lacking access to basic economic tools such as exchange rate and monetary policies, Argentina could not surmount the profound external shocks of the second half of the 1990s, when export prices fell, the US dollar appreciated, and Brazil, the country's main trading partner, devalued its currency.
Small, open economies are naturally somewhat specialized, which leaves them vulnerable to shocks and volatility.
If countries expect to experience natural hazards, such as violent storm seasons or major earthquakes, then investing time and resources in preparing for shocks will save lives and protect communities from other losses.
There is also the world financial crisis that attended the oil shocks of 1973 and 1979, and there are the country-specific financial crises in Spain in 1977, Chile in 1981, Norway in 1987, Finland and Sweden in 1991, Mexico in 1994, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand in 1997, Colombia in 1998, and Argentina and Turkey in 2001.
Continuing EU integration is likely to align the business cycles of these countries in a manner similar to the synchronization of supply and demand shocks in the EU in the 1990's.
Smooth convergence of risk premiums for inflation, exchange rates, and, perhaps most importantly, debt default with those prevailing in the eurozone are crucial for alleviating possible shocks to the financial system.
To be sure, Brazil’s government did make adjustments to its growth pattern following the global financial shocks of 2008-2009.
The pressures being generated across the Arabian Peninsula could produce further political shocks.
Furthermore, economic-policy changes and structural reforms that were enacted in the wake of the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis significantly reduced the region’s vulnerability to financial shocks over the past decade.
But Asia cannot be complacent: financial systems remain fragile; economies are burdened with high fiscal and current-account deficits; and Asia remains too heavily dependent on North American and European export markets, increasing its vulnerability to external shocks.
But China’s established role as the assembly hub for the region’s production-sharing networks means that it is becoming a source of autonomous shocks – with a large and persistent impact on business-cycle fluctuations.
The most immediate challenge is to safeguard the financial system’s stability against external shocks.
Finally, enhanced regional and global financial cooperation – including closer policy coordination at the G-20 and International Monetary Fund – would help countries to respond more effectively to shocks and crises.
Even before the recent Middle East political shocks, oil prices had risen above $80-$90 a barrel, an increase driven not only by energy-thirsty emerging-market economies, but also by non-fundamental factors: a wall of liquidity chasing assets and commodities in emerging markets, owing to near-zero interest rates and quantitative easing in advanced economies; momentum and herding behavior; and limited and inelastic oil supplies.
Poor households can better cope with adverse shocks like crop failure, illness, or natural disaster.
The euro’s ability to function as a common currency would require a flexible labor market, in which workers could adjust to regional shocks by moving.
Given the magnitude of recent economic shocks, developed countries’ citizens might be less unhappy were there evidence of a concerted effort – based on genuine burden sharing – to address these issues.
America’s biofuels policies inevitably lead to larger price responses to supply shocks in the short run.
The process of integration was reversed after the WWI and finally destroyed in the Great Depression, in a series of vicious shocks: tariff protection, contagious financial panics that spread from the periphery to the heart of the world's financial system, and a turn to economic nationalism and autarky.
Just as business and credit cycles there tend to be more frequent and extreme, the real possibility of de facto currency crises in the eurozone, owing to higher sovereign borrowing costs and slow adjustment to shocks under fixed exchange rates, renders massive balance sheets unsupportable and thus obsolete.
This contributed to the oil shocks of the 1970s, and reinforced the erroneous perception that hydrocarbon reserves were even more limited, and largely confined to the Middle East.
It funded the investment imperatives of economic development and boosted the cushion of foreign-exchange reserves that has shielded China from external shocks.
Blinder and Watson suggest that five factors – oil shocks, productivity growth, defense spending, foreign economic growth, and consumer confidence – may together explain 56% of the growth gap.
Continued economic progress in the developing world and recovery in the developed countries requires preventing local and regional conflict from delivering large systemic shocks.
Failure to contain the impact of regional conflicts and bilateral frictions may lead to more than just supply shocks in areas like energy.
The principal effect is likely to be a series of negative demand shocks: investors withdrawing, travelers staying home, and consumers closing their wallets.
BackNext