Shocks in sentence

1003 examples of Shocks in a sentence

Second, beyond strengthening economic institutions, EU countries must accelerate structural reforms to boost their long-run growth prospects and facilitate their smooth adjustment to shocks.

Finally, rigid labor markets and, more generally, regulatory constraints on prices and on the supply response of the economy, deepen recessionary reactions to various shocks, and contribute to the growth of unemployment.

Their fears are shared by subsistence farmers and indigenous people worldwide – the people bearing the brunt of climate shocks, though they played no part in causing them.

Likewise, despite much rhetoric, greenhouse gas emissions are not seriously addressed until major shocks trigger political reactions.

The economic benefits include job creation in the short term, “re-shoring” of some manufacturing activities in the medium term, and, lower macroeconomic vulnerability to global oil shocks in the long term.

After all, high levels of debt increase vulnerability to negative shocks.

But, if used as a transitional measure to help jump-start an economy or to provide a buffer from negative demand shocks, such efforts can be highly beneficial.

When supply shocks hit the US economy, the neo-Keynesians’ response was to pour on more demand, believing it would revive employment.

Yet history also suggests that shocks of the scale and scope of the current refugee crisis have the potential to spur remarkable policy responses.

If interest rates were well above zero, the Fed would have scope to raise them further in case of overheating or to lower them in response to adverse demand shocks.

The Boehner ShockWASHINGTON, DC – Ever since the financial crisis erupted in 2008, media outlets and specialists alike have devoted much attention to anticipating negative shocks to the global economy.

But the most damaging shocks often hide in plain sight – and then hit precisely when and where almost everyone thought stability would prevail.

Indeed, many now apparently assume that their countries have become immune to future shocks.

Technological “catch-up” will remain the underlying driver of convergence, beyond the short-term shocks and temporary problems that capital-flow volatility may cause.

Of course, “prudent” countries, with small current-account deficits or surpluses, will be much more immune to temporary shocks.

In the 1970’s, oil shocks led to inflation in some countries, and to recession elsewhere, as governments raised interest rates to combat rising prices.

To stem today’s spiral of pessimism and avoid the burnout of crisis management, we must look at the future in a much more positive, constructive, and dynamic manner, gaining the resilience to adapt to changing contexts, withstand sudden shocks, and recover from them while still pursuing critical goals.

Even the most exposed countries handled the last round of financial shocks, in May and June 2006, relatively comfortably.

In addition, financial globalization would allow poor nations to smooth out the boom-and-bust cycles associated with temporary terms-of-trade shocks and other bouts of bad luck.

In fact, their new-found resilience to capital-market shocks is due in no small part to their becoming net lenders to the rest of the world, after years as net borrowers.

Two kinds of institutions in particular need shoring up: conflict management institutions to enhance economies’ resilience to external shocks, and institutions that promote productive diversification.

Of course, the years since 1987 have not been without big macroeconomic shocks.

When added to the normal shocks that afflict the world economy, this source of destabilizing volatility created the unstable world before 1987 that led many to wonder why somebody like Alan Greenspan – who had previously only spent a couple of years in government – would want the job.

On the contrary, I think our luck – measured by the magnitude of the private sector and other shocks that have hit the global economy – has, in fact, been relatively bad.

Can it continue simply to “lie still,” hoping that no new shocks arise that diminish its economic health, if not threaten its survival?

While the prospect of OMT seems to be keeping financial shocks at bay, at least for now, a political shock seems increasingly likely, with voters reacting against the internal-devaluation policies that are fueling high unemployment and undermining living standards.

Third, financial shocks will be worse than expected.

For starters, even with much of the Middle East burning, there have been no oil-supply shocks or embargos, and the shale-gas revolution in the United States has increased the supply of low-cost energy.

During previous Middle East conflicts – such as the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Iran’s Islamic Revolution in 1979, and Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in 1990 – oil-supply shocks caused global stagflation and sharp stock-market corrections.

A second explanation is that investors are extrapolating from previous shocks, such as the attacks of September 11, 2001, when policymakers saved the day by backstopping the economy and financial markets with strong monetary and fiscal policy easing.

Related words