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Reserves in sentence

1741 examples of Reserves in a sentence

Likewise, the Bank of England is undertaking important work on the risk that assets like coal or oil reserves could be “stranded” by policy changes intended to limit dangerous climate change.
As the huge buildup of dollar reserves – now almost $800 billion – expands China’s domestic monetary base, short-term interest rates will be driven down, at least until they hit zero.
The growth of SWF’s is a direct consequence of the accumulation of more than $5 trillion in foreign reserves by emerging-market economies in Asia and among oil and commodity exporting countries.
Initially, these countries invested their foreign reserves in liquid assets – short-term United States Treasury bills and government securities issued by other reserve currency countries.
So central banks are transferring their excess reserves to existing or newly created SWF’s, which in turn invest in high-return equities.
It is also true that the massive accumulation of foreign reserves that is now feeding the SWFs’ growth is excessive and driven by misguided exchange-rate policies, with vastly undervalued currencies resulting in current-account surpluses.
These countries need to allow greater exchange-rate flexibility and currency appreciation to reduce their external surpluses – and thus the need to accumulate huge foreign reserves in the first place.
More broadly, since 1946, supplies of copper, aluminum, iron, and zinc have outstripped consumption, owing to the discovery of additional reserves and new technologies to extract them economically.
Similarly, oil and natural gas were to run out in 1990 and 1992, respectively; today, reserves of both are larger than they were in 1970, although we consume dramatically more.
What matters is not variations in the book value of these reserves, but rather their real value in terms of purchasing power when China decides to cash in.
Yet China's 2010 trade surplus was still $183 billion; its current-account surplus soared 25% from 2009, to $306.2 billion; and its balance-of-payments surplus last year totaled more than $470 billion – the bulk of which must have been invested in new holdings of foreign-exchange reserves.
To stop this accumulation of foreign-exchange reserves, and thus minimize China’s welfare and capital losses, the simplest solution would be for the PBOC to call a halt to intervention.
In that case, China would have to accept an export slowdown and an increase in unemployment in order to avoid huge capital losses on its dollar reserves.
Indeed, the increase in foreign-exchange reserves has been the single most important monetary source of inflation, as the PBOC has run into trouble sterilizing the inflows.
The most promising breakthrough may well be the discovery of huge reserves of shale gas all over the planet.
And yet the Arab world remains almost entirely dependent on oil exports, with even countries that have no reserves relying on fiscal support and remittances from the oil exporters.
Venezuela, with some of the world’s largest hydrocarbon reserves, should be enjoying an era of prosperity amid high oil prices.
With at least 60 central banks now including renminbi among their foreign reserves, next year could present an ideal opportunity for China to advance its long-term goal of reshaping the world monetary system.
With an export-oriented economy and the world’s largest pile of foreign reserves, not to mention a conservative domestic financial system, China is exposed to international economic and financial volatility.
There is opportunity in Siberia’s frozen taiga, particularly the Bazhenov field, which may hold some of the largest unconventional reserves in the world.
Relative to the size of China’s foreign debt and the sheer volume of money that could go abroad, even its $3.7 trillion in foreign reserves starts to look puny.
The reserves that Russia accumulated during the oil boom years are steadily being drained away.
In January, the BOJ went further and introduced negative deposit rates on commercial banks’ mandatory reserves, which markets interpreted as a confusing act of desperation.
On the contrary, its overland and maritime routes could attract considerable investment to participating countries – especially from China, as it seeks new avenues for deploying its vast reserves.
China’s Elitist CollaboratorsHONG KONG – At the beginning of this century, when China launched its “going out” policy – focused on using foreign-exchange reserves to support overseas expansion and acquisitions by Chinese companies – few expected the country quickly to emerge as a leading economic player in Latin America.
Instead, banks have hoarded the increase in the monetary base in the form of idle excess reserves.
Even the stronger banks are being pressed to increase their capital reserves.
During the recent years of abundant global liquidity, the real grew stronger and the central bank was able to pile up foreign reserves, creating a cushion that totaled roughly $185 billion in late January, an amount sufficient to cover the entire foreign debt for the first time in history.
Bolivians wonder why investments of some $3 billion should entitle foreign investors to 82% of the country’s vast gas reserves, now estimated to be worth $250 billion.
This time, Russia has maintained a floating exchange rate, conserving its reserves.
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