Manufacturing
in sentence
1925 examples of Manufacturing in a sentence
But a
manufacturing
boom will not happen by itself.
Turn to world markets without pro-active policies to ensure competence in some modern
manufacturing
or service industry, and you are likely to remain an impoverished exporter of natural resources and labor-intensive products such as garments.
In 2014, the Asia and Pacific region’s share of value added in global
manufacturing
was 44.6%, whereas Africa’s was just 1.6%.
For African countries to achieve sustainable development, they will have to increase substantially the share of industry – especially
manufacturing
– in their national investment, output, and trade.
To listen to President Donald Trump’s administration, one might think that trade remains the primary reason for the loss of
manufacturing
jobs in the United States.
Among economists, however, the consensus is that about 80% of the loss in US
manufacturing
jobs over the last three decades was a result of labor-saving and productivity-enhancing technological change, with trade coming a distant second.
Based on the study’s simulations, robots probably cost about 400,000 US jobs each year, many of them middle-income
manufacturing
jobs, especially in industries like automobiles, plastics, and pharmaceuticals.
Such activities now account for 51% of US wages, and are most prevalent in sectors that employ large numbers of workers, including hotel and food services, manufacturing, and retail trade.
Labor productivity in
manufacturing
industries rose much faster than in the rest of the economy: The same or higher quantity of steel, cars, and electronics could be produced with far fewer workers.
Two factors determined the share of each type of job – and thus the extent of inequality produced by the post-industrial transition: the education and skill level of the workforce, and the degree of institutionalization of labor markets in services (in addition to manufacturing).
Second, the forces of globalization and technological progress have combined to alter the nature of
manufacturing
work in a way that makes it very difficult, if not impossible, for newcomers to emulate the industrialization experience of the Four Asian Tigers, or the European and North American economies before them.
Many (if not most) developing countries are becoming service economies without having developed a large
manufacturing
sector – a process I have called “premature de-industrialization.”Could premature de-industrialization be a blessing in disguise, enabling workers in the developing world to bypass the drudgery of
manufacturing?
The disappearance of “good”
manufacturing
jobs cannot be blamed on immigration, trade, or technology.
Growth in high-end services employment is matched by contraction in high-employment components of
manufacturing
supply chains.
The replacement of routine manual jobs by machines and robots is a powerful, continuing, and perhaps accelerating trend in
manufacturing
and logistics, while networks of computers are replacing routine white-collar jobs in information processing.
Over the next decade, for example, China will replace much of its labor-intensive assembly employment with higher-value-added employment in
manufacturing
and services, not only in the tradable sector, but also – even more noticeably – in the rapidly growing non-tradable part of its economy.
The expanding scope and diminishing costs of automation and additive
manufacturing
may affect labor-intensive functions globally, including in earlier-stage developing countries.
As these reforms take hold, Indian firms should finally be able to resume spending, and banks will once again be able to lend to the critical but currently indebted infrastructure and
manufacturing
sectors.
Similarly,
manufacturing
can expand to restore inventories depleted by over-contraction of output, while random shocks such as major innovations or harvest variations may have an asymmetric effect in a recession, with upward shocks in some sectors having a greater impact than the downward shocks in others.
Despite – or because of – this windfall, Southern European countries’
manufacturing
sectors are still a long way from regaining competitiveness.
In Portugal, for example, the output of the
manufacturing
sector is still 14% below what it was in the third quarter of 2007, after the first breakdown of the European interbank market.
In the 20 years before the 2008 financial crisis,
manufacturing
employment in the US rapidly declined in every sector except pharmaceuticals, even as added value in
manufacturing
rose.
In fact, much of the added value in
manufacturing
actually comes from services such as product design, research and development, and marketing.
So, if we account for this value-chain composition, the decline in
manufacturing
– the production of tangible goods – is even more pronounced.
But retail shop clerks and car dealers cannot be easily transformed into the specialized and highly skilled workers needed in modern
manufacturing.
As it stands, productivity in services is six times lower than in
manufacturing.
Obama also faces falling support from business lobbies in
manufacturing
and services – sectors that are demanding more concessions from other nations.
Ever since the Industrial Revolution,
manufacturing
has been the key to rapid economic growth.
The countries that caught up with and eventually surpassed Britain, such as Germany, the United States, and Japan, all did so by building up their
manufacturing
industries.
Both were based on industrial
manufacturing.
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