Heart in sentence

6221 examples of Heart in a sentence

This imbalance between supply and demand is the crux of heart failure.

Other tissues like the heart are quite stable, and as far as we can tell, the heart lacks stem cells entirely.

So for the heart, we're going to have to bring stem cells in from the outside, and for this, we turn to the most potent stem cell type, the pluripotent stem cell.

So this is my big idea: I want to take human pluripotent stem cells, grow them up in large numbers, differentiate them into cardiac muscle cells and then take them out of the dish and transplant them into the hearts of patients who have had heart attacks.

I think this is going to reseed the wall with new muscle tissue, and this will restore contractile function to the heart.

We began with the quest to turn these pluripotent stem cells into heart muscle.

We got these little clumps of beating human heart muscle in the dish, and that was cool, because it said, in principle, this should be able to be done.

But when we got around to doing the cell counts, we found that only one out of 1,000 of our stem cells were actually turning into heart muscle.

So how do you coax a cell that can become anything into becoming just a heart muscle cell?

For over a century, the embryologists had been pondering the mysteries of heart development.

We grow our heart muscle cells in little three-dimensional clumps called cardiac organoids.

Each of them has 500 to 1,000 heart muscle cells in it.

And this makes our heart muscle cells flash green every time they beat.

We took our cardiac muscle cells and we transplanted them into the hearts of rats that had been given experimental heart attacks.

And now when I looked through the microscope, I could see this fresh, young, human heart muscle growing back in the injured wall of this rat's heart.

The next question was: Will this new muscle beat in synchrony with the rest of the heart?

What you're seeing here is a zoomed-in view, a black-and-white image of a guinea pig's heart that was injured and then received three grafts of our human cardiac muscle.

Our cells are flashing, and they're flashing in synchrony, back through the walls of the injured heart.

If you look at that tracing that's along the bottom, that's the electrocardiogram from the guinea pig's own heart.

In other words, the guinea pig's natural pacemaker is calling the shots, and the human heart muscle cells are following in lockstep like good soldiers.

This next slide shows you a microscopic image from the heart of a macaque that was given an experimental heart attack and then treated with a saline injection.

The macaque heart muscle is shown in red, and in blue, you see the scar tissue that results from the heart attack.

So as you look as this, you can see how there's a big deficiency in the muscle in part of the wall of the heart.

And it's not hard to imagine how this heart would have a tough time generating much force.

Again, you can see the monkey's heart muscle in red, but it's very hard to even see the blue scar tissue, and that's because we've been able to repopulate it with the human heart muscle, and so we've got this nice, plump wall.

We've learned how to keep them alive after transplantation, we've showed that they beat in synchrony with the rest of the heart, and we've shown that we can scale them up into an animal that is the best possible predictor of a human's response.

These macaque studies also taught us that our human heart muscle cells created a period of electrical instability.

We've studied it extensively, and it turns out that it results from the fact that our cellular graphs are quite immature, and immature heart muscle cells all act like pacemakers.

So what happens is, we put them into the heart, and there starts to be a competition with the heart's natural pacemaker over who gets to call the shots.

So one big question still remains, and that is, of course, the whole purpose that we set out to do this: Can we actually restore function to the injured heart?

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