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Fertility in sentence

346 examples of Fertility in a sentence

Wherever these conditions prevail, and regardless of supposedly deep cultural differences – in Iran and Brazil as much as in Korea – fertility is now at or below replacement levels.
Consider this: France has the highest fertility rate in the European Union (just under two children per woman), even ahead of booming Ireland.
A collapse in fertility rates, coupled with longer life expectancy, is driving a rapid and pronounced aging of populations.
When this number falls as a result of lower fertility rates, and when higher life expectancy swells the ranks of pensioners, the only way to sustain PAYG systems is to decrease the level of benefits relative to contributions.
The interplay of voluntary fertility reduction and declining poverty are profound and rapid.
In short, the links between education and reduced fertility, faster economic development, and lower environmental degradation are too powerful and obvious to be ignored.
But neither of the main problems confronting Europe’s social-security systems – slow economic growth and aging populations (a function of low fertility) – can be addressed at the European level.
This is obvious for fertility, which is determined by deeper social and demographic trends that cannot really be influenced by government action.
Moreover, the rich countries can expect a massive expansion in the proportion of elderly people in their populations, owing to increased longevity, continued low fertility, and the progression of baby-boom cohorts through the population pyramid.
We can, however, count on rising rates of female labor-force participation (spurred by continued low fertility), increased levels of effective labor as educational attainment continues to rise, and higher savings rates in anticipation of greater longevity and longer retirements.
The combination of rising life expectancy, lower fertility rates, and, in some countries (including the US), the retirement of the post-World War II baby-boom generation, implies a rapid increase in the old-age dependency ratio.
Brazil's total fertility rate (average number of births per woman) has come down sharply as well, from 2.7 in 1990 to 2.2 in 2001.
Demographic shifts – including changing family structure, low fertility rates, and population aging – have led to reductions both in the overall size of households and in the number of working-age earners per household.
Nowadays, most demographic predictions for China are based on the country’s total fertility rate (TFR) of 1.8 – unchanged for 20 years.
A long period of low fertility means that China’s population is aging and growth in the working-age population is slowing.
Thirty years ago, only a few countries, home to a small share of the global population, had fertility rates substantially below the replacement rate of 2.1 children per woman.
In 2013, about 60% of the world’s population lived in countries with sub-replacement fertility rates.
In the US, the main future challenge probably will be the impact of trade, rather than migration, because the era of large-scale influxes from Latin America may soon come to an end, as declining fertility rates stabilize populations throughout the region.
Similarly, vaccination has been shown to lead to wage gains across populations, while improvements in child survival rates are associated with lower fertility rates.
In China, population aging and low fertility rates are already causing the prime working-age population, people aged 15-59, to decline.
Africa’s demographic burdens began to lighten in the 1990’s, thanks to gradual reduction in fertility rates and continued urbanization.
China’s total fertility rate is estimated at around 1.5, implying that the working-age population will begin to decline by the mid-2010’s.
Medical and public health advances have increased longevity in developed countries, while persistently low fertility levels and the end of the post-WWII baby boom mean that the number of native-born workers will fall in the coming years.
As countries’ populations age and their fertility rates collapse, more migration will be necessary to ensure economic competitiveness and finance pension and health-care systems.
Academic research suggests that countries with higher per capita income, lower income inequality, and lower fertility rates tend to invest more in children’s education, with public expenditure leading to higher enrollment rates.
Treating a sick economy requires structural reforms, which can cover everything from financial and labor markets to tax systems, fertility patterns, and education policies.
Aging is a product of rising life expectancies and falling fertility rates.
The speed of the decline in fertility rates has been dramatic around the world; in Iran, it has been nothing less than astonishing, dropping from seven children per woman in 1984 to 1.9 in 2006.
Fertility rates stay high and the children of these poor, under-educated mothers (and fathers) have few realistic prospects of escaping poverty.
While there are many reasons for South Korea’s low fertility rate, two economic factors stand out.
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