Drugs
in sentence
2204 examples of Drugs in a sentence
When I was 11 years old, I started smoking, which shortly after led to my own experiences with
drugs
and alcohol.
But that's not what I want to talk to you about, because right now there are some really extraordinary things that we are doing with stem cells that are completely changing the way we look and model disease, our ability to understand why we get sick, and even develop
drugs.
What we saw very quickly is the world of both medical research, but also developing
drugs
and treatments, is dominated by, as you would expect, large organizations, but in a new field, sometimes large organizations really have trouble getting out of their own way, and sometimes they can't ask the right questions, and there is an enormous gap that's just gotten larger between academic research on the one hand and pharmaceutical companies and biotechs that are responsible for delivering all of our
drugs
and many of our treatments, and so we knew that to really accelerate cures and therapies, we were going to have to address this with two things: new technologies and also a new research model.
And we did this because we think that it's actually going to allow us to realize the potential, the promise, of all of the sequencing of the human genome, but it's going to allow us, in doing that, to actually do clinical trials in a dish with human cells, not animal cells, to generate
drugs
and treatments that are much more effective, much safer, much faster, and at a much lower cost.
And this opens up the ability, which hopefully will become something that is routine in the near term, of using human cells to test for
drugs.
Right now, the way we test for
drugs
is pretty problematic.
To bring a successful drug to market, it takes, on average, 13 years — that's one drug — with a sunk cost of 4 billion dollars, and only one percent of the
drugs
that start down that road are actually going to get there.
But what you can do with human stem cells, now, is actually create avatars, and you can create the cells, whether it's the live motor neurons or the beating cardiac cells or liver cells or other kinds of cells, and you can test for drugs, promising compounds, on the actual cells that you're trying to affect, and this is now, and it's absolutely extraordinary, and you're going to know at the beginning, the very early stages of doing your assay development and your testing, you're not going to have to wait 13 years until you've brought a drug to market, only to find out that actually it doesn't work, or even worse, harms people.
We are all different, and a disease that I might have, if I had Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, it probably would affect me differently than if one of you had that disease, and if we both had Parkinson's disease, and we took the same medication, but we had different genetic makeup, we probably would have a different result, and it could well be that a drug that worked wonderfully for me was actually ineffective for you, and similarly, it could be that a drug that is harmful for you is safe for me, and, you know, this seems totally obvious, but unfortunately it is not the way that the pharmaceutical industry has been developing
drugs
because, until now, it hasn't had the tools.
The way we've been developing
drugs
is essentially like going into a shoe store, no one asks you what size you are, or if you're going dancing or hiking.
There's a wonderful drug, and a class of
drugs
actually, but the particular drug was Vioxx, and for people who were suffering from severe arthritis pain, the drug was an absolute lifesaver, but unfortunately, for another subset of those people, they suffered pretty severe heart side effects, and for a subset of those people, the side effects were so severe, the cardiac side effects, that they were fatal.
It has massively parallel processing capability, and it's going to change the way
drugs
are discovered, we hope, and I think eventually what's going to happen is that we're going to want to re-screen drugs, on arrays like this, that already exist, all of the
drugs
that currently exist, and in the future, you're going to be taking
drugs
and treatments that have been tested for side effects on all of the relevant cells, on brain cells and heart cells and liver cells.
Drugs
of abuse would come in, and they would change the way you value the world.
So this same dopamine system that gets addicted to drugs, that makes you freeze when you get Parkinson's disease, that contributes to various forms of psychosis, is also redeployed to value interactions with other people and to assign value to gestures that you do when you're interacting with somebody else.
Unfortunately, over the course of the next five, 10 years, other companies had the same idea about
drugs
that would prevent arrhythmias in people who have had heart attacks.
These
drugs
were brought to market.
They were prescribed very widely because heart attacks are a very common thing, and it took so long for us to find out that these
drugs
also caused an increased rate of death that before we detected that safety signal, over 100,000 people died unnecessarily in America from the prescription of anti-arrhythmic
drugs.
So that's not all of the trials that were ever conducted on these drugs, because we can never know if we have those, but it is the ones that were conducted in order to get the marketing authorization.
We need to publish all trials in humans, including the older trials, for all
drugs
in current use, and you need to tell everyone you know that this is a problem and that it has not been fixed.
And three out of the four
drugs
we give you if you get cancer fail.
But I was standing there in that space, and I was looking around that hall as well, and I could tell people in that hall who were struggling with alcohol, drugs, finance, gambling, domestic abuse, bullying and harassment.
But after we disbursed the loans, I remember a trip in Uganda where I found newly built schools without textbooks or teachers, new health clinics without drugs, and the poor once again without any voice or recourse.
And these
drugs
are going generic.
And when you kill orgasm, you kill that flood of
drugs
associated with attachment.
Lack of stimulation often leads to self-stimulating behaviors like hand-flapping, rocking back and forth, or aggression, and in some institutions, psychiatric
drugs
are used to control the behavior of these children, whilst in others, children are tied up to prevent them from harming themselves or others.
And there's very illegal hustles, which you smuggle in, you get smuggled in, drugs, pornography, cell phones, and just as in the outer world, there's a risk-reward tradeoff, so the riskier the enterprise, the more profitable it can potentially be.
You go from drug formulation, lab testing, animal testing, and then clinical trials, which you might call human testing, before the
drugs
get to market.
One, humans are not rats, and two, despite our incredible similarities to one another, actually those tiny differences between you and I have huge impacts with how we metabolize
drugs
and how those
drugs
affect us.
So with disease models like these, we can fight back faster than ever before and understand the disease better than ever before, and maybe discover
drugs
even faster.
Wouldn't you rather test to see if those cancer
drugs
you're going to take are going to work on your cancer?
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