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Downward in sentence

624 examples of Downward in a sentence

These “sudden stops,” as the economists Guillermo Calvo and Carmen Reinhart call them, raised risk premiums and weakened the affected countries’ fiscal positions, which in turn increased risk, and so on, creating the vicious downward spiral that characterizes self-reinforcing crises.
While creditors should revise their expectations downward, the real tragedy is for ordinary citizens, for whom the restructuring process implies a protracted period of worsening impoverishment.
The positive effect of the stimulus package is simply not large enough to offset the negative impact of dramatically lower household wealth, declines in residential construction, a dysfunctional banking system that does not increase credit creation, and the downward spiral of house prices.
With panic subsiding towards the end of 2008, gold prices resumed their downward movement.
There are several reasons why gold prices are rising, but they suggest a gradual rise with significant risks of a downward correction, rather than a rapid rise towards $2,000, as today’s gold bugs claim.
But, since gold has no intrinsic value, there are significant risks of a downward correction.
Eventually, central banks will need to exit quantitative easing and zero-interest rates, putting downward pressure on risky assets, including commodities.
Because of this downward spiral in economic activity, banks are now flush with liquidity, which is supporting a rally in the domestic bond market, as the slump in domestic demand drags down demand for bank credit (see the chart below).
There is a lot of market speculation that the Chinese will undertake a sizable one-time devaluation, say 10%, to weaken the renminbi enough to ease downward pressure on the exchange rate.
If Asia enters a downward spiral of economic collapse and financial default, the consequences will be severe not only for the billions of people of Asia but for the rest of the world as well.
The financial panic is leading to a downward spiral of the banking system and economic output.
But, in the case of “high-intensity” conflicts or wars (defined as entailing 1,000 or more battle deaths in a year), the trend-line has been sloping unequivocally downward.
To be on the safe side, host countries often try to limit immigration to skilled workers, because they join segments of the labor market in which sufficient downward wage flexibility provides immigrants with additional jobs.
It depends on individual eurozone countries – especially Italy, Spain, and France – making the changes in their domestic spending and taxation that will convince global financial investors that they are moving toward budget surpluses and putting their debt-to-GDP ratios on a downward path.
Rudyard Kipling got his arithmetic right in 1886:No proposition Euclid wrote,No formulae the text-books know,Will turn the bullet from your coat,Or ward the tulwar’s downward blowStrike hard who cares – shoot straight who can –The odds are on the cheaper man.
Investors are again making the mistake of pricing bonds in expectation that the downward trend of inflation will continue into deflationary territory.
Indeed, today's low long-term rates suggest that investors are projecting the downward trend to continue over the next ten years at the same pace that it has done since 1980, implying that the current US inflation rate of 2.1% would fall to zero or below by 2013.
Ironically, with the Trump administration’s policies likely to lead to larger budget deficits that put national saving under additional downward pressure, the need for Chinese and other foreign capital will actually intensify and the codependency trap will only close more tightly.
Where US Manufacturing Jobs Really WentBERKELEY – In the two decades from 1979 to 1999, the number of manufacturing jobs in the United States drifted downward, from 19 million to 17 million.
This spring, the State Environmental Protection Administration produced the country’s first official estimate of GDP adjusted downward for environmental losses.
After its enactment in late February 2009, the markets’ downward plunge began to decelerate, and prices stabilized the following month.
The rising share of services in countries’ GDP likely implies further downward pressure on trade flows, given services’ lower trade propensity relative to manufactured goods.
According to the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Index, the US slipped to fifth place in 2011-2012, from fourth place the previous year, continuing a general downward trend evident since 2005.
As a result, downward pressure on property prices is mounting.
For many, downward mobility has become the new normal.
Protectionism Will Not Protect Jobs AnywhereCAMBRIDGE – As US and European political leaders fret about the future of quality jobs, they would do well to look at the far bigger problems faced by developing Asia – problems that threaten to place massive downward pressure on global wages.
That is one percentage point below the European Central Bank’s target of “below, but close to, 2%.”With the economy clearly operating below full capacity and unemployment above 12%, the risk of a further decline cannot be excluded, especially given downward pressure from a gradually appreciating exchange rate and a global context of negative growth surprises and subdued commodity prices.
As there is a zero lower bound to the nominal interest rate, the central bank may well find itself unable to drive the interest rate/inflation differential to a low enough level, which may result in a slump and even a downward spiral.
But the truth is quite the opposite: in the face of strong downward pressure on the renminbi, China has sought to keep the renminbi-dollar exchange rate relatively stable, – an effort that has contributed to a decline of more than $1 trillion in official foreign-currency reserves.
Since the renminbi began its downward slide in 2015, the incentive to reduce foreign debts and increase overseas assets has intensified.
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