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Downward in sentence

624 examples of Downward in a sentence

Such a chain reaction would include a negative downward spiral in global trade and investment dynamics.
Nevertheless, they are not invulnerable, because even fair valuations – or, indeed, undervaluations – are not exempt from the downward pressures of a crisis or the resetting of asset prices after a build-up of systemic risk.
The Global Promise of Digital HealthBASEL – In his recent best-selling book Factfulness, the late international health expert Hans Rosling shows that horrors such as natural disasters, oil spills, and battlefield deaths are trending steeply downward, and that harvest yields, literacy rates, and other development indicators are on the rise.
Similarly, manufacturing can expand to restore inventories depleted by over-contraction of output, while random shocks such as major innovations or harvest variations may have an asymmetric effect in a recession, with upward shocks in some sectors having a greater impact than the downward shocks in others.
The import boom in the United States was much smaller than that on the EU periphery, but the recent downward revision of US GDP can be seen through the same lens.
The stimulus package is being offset by consumption-tax hikes aimed at reducing Japan’s massive debt burden – a process that will lead many Japanese consumers to adjust their spending downward.
Moreover, commercial real estate is beginning to follow the downward trend in residential real estate.
Indeed, growth has slowed and GDP forecasts have been revised downward since mid-year in most countries.
Thanks in part to lower fertility rates in industrialized countries, this projection has been adjusted downward, to about 8.9 billion.
Stock Markets’ Fear of FallingNEW HAVEN -- The sharp drop in the world’s stock markets on August 9, after BNP Paribas announced that it would freeze three of its funds, is just one more example of the markets’ recent downward instability or asymmetry.
So there may be an underlying sensitivity to price drops, which could fuel a succession of downward price changes, amplifying public concerns about problems in the economy and heralding a profound change in investor sentiment.
If, on the other hand, labor’s share of income is falling because of the inexorable rise of automation, downward pressures on that share will continue, as I discussed in the context of artificial intelligence a few years ago.
If Turkey’s downward spiral generates a new wave of refugees bound for Europe, further destabilizing the European Union, all the better.
Large influxes of refugees put downward pressure on a host country’s wages, exacerbating poverty and increasing social, economic, and political tensions.
Thus, unlike the short risk-off periods in 2015 and 2016, which lasted just two months, investors have now been in risk-off mode since February, and markets are still moving sideways or downward.
There were some ups and downs along the way, but the overall trend has been downward, and the magnitude of the decline – nearly five percentage points – is striking.
In a fiat-money world without fractional reserve banks, OMF is an obvious strategy: indeed, without it, positive nominal GDP growth might be difficult to achieve, and optimal real growth might therefore require an unattainable downward flexibility in nominal wages and prices.
But, in the years leading up to the 2008 crisis, US data show that productivity trended downward; and, until the crisis, unemployment did not rise significantly.
All these countries have shown roughly the same downward trend in real interest rates for many years, and notably since 2000.
Such flexibility, by allowing for slight incremental changes over time, would provide investors with greater certainty, as it would sweep aside today's worries about whether or not China can keep its exchange rate fixed at today's level or sharply devalue the RMB downward.
In other words, will the elevated asset values caused by low discount rates suddenly reset downward at some point?
This effort should be buttressed by a reversal in the downward trend in defense spending by many NATO members.
They would not need a large downward adjustment in wages and prices, and government revenues would remain relatively stable.
If risk premia increase, it would be a result of creditors’ doubts about a government’s ability to finance itself in the long run, owing to a downward revision of growth expectations or a domestic political stalemate in which taxpayers oppose bondholders.
But the truth is that the risk of a “bad” deflation – that is, a self-reinforcing downward spiral in prices, wages, and economic performance – has never existed for the eurozone as a whole.
The Fed waited too long to start the normalization process, and, because it was more aggressive in lowering rates in the downward phase of the interest-rate cycle, it has had to be more aggressive in raising them in the upward phase.
China has lately faced a surge in capital outflows, which has created substantial downward pressure on the renminbi’s exchange rate.
The likely result would be a downward spiral of retaliatory restrictions on bilateral trade and investment flows, which would hurt both economies.
To be sure, given the daily fare of buffoonery on display at the White House, it would be easy to place all of the blame for the downward spiral in Sino-American relations on Trump.
As savings (and hence the global supply of loanable funds) increased, real rates came under downward pressure.
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