Currencies
in sentence
1239 examples of Currencies in a sentence
The relative absence of mismatch was one of the reasons why emerging markets did much better when their
currencies
depreciated in 2008-2009 than in past crises.
Even though the Fed has not yet started raising interest rates, the well-established US economic recovery and the prospect of monetary tightening have, over the last year, caused the dollar to appreciate sharply against most currencies, those of emerging markets and advanced countries alike.
The Bank of England is similarly intrigued by the possibilities, dismissing concerns that digital
currencies
currently pose a risk to financial stability, and noting that the underlying technology “may have many other uses across the financial system, and may be a useful platform to power a central bank digital currency.”
To frame his argument, Carstens returned to first principles, seeking to define money and then to understand the extent to which digital
currencies
qualify.
“While cryptocurrencies may pretend to be currencies,” Carstens concludes, “they fail the basic textbook definitions.”
I suspect the petro will fail, but I doubt if we have heard the last of digital currencies, or distributed ledgers, despite the fatwas issued by the likes of China, Russia, and the sages of Omaha.
When sovereign states have their own currencies, citizens are willing to see their tax money go to the weakest regions.
Hence, movements in the euro’s exchange rate for any single member country of the Euro-11 are much less important, from the standpoint of both benefits and disadvantages, than movements in
currencies
outside the euro area are to those countries.
Moreover, emerging-market countries’ representation in global governance did not keep pace with the increasingly significant role of their economies and
currencies.
Some argue that the problem is competitive depreciation or too-low interest rates; others maintain that the real problem is overvalued
currencies
or too-high interest rates.
In addition to traditional business-cycle concerns, there is a long list of policy tensions threatening to curb growth, including: 1) protectionism; 2) currencies; 3) monetary- and fiscal-stimulus exit strategies; and 4) the explosion of public debt.
Tensions are rising over
currencies
as well.
But inflation is a risk in some emerging economies, including India and China, whose central bank governor, Zhou Xiaochuan, suggests considering a basket of
currencies
to replace the dollar as the global reserve currency.
With no separate
currencies
to adjust, the only shock absorber left is labor migration to areas with lower unemployment – for example, from southern to northern Europe.
The mere possibility that the Fed might reduce its purchases of long-term assets – the so-called “taper” – sent market interest rates in the United States soaring and
currencies
in countries like Brazil, Turkey, and India plummeting.
Countries like Colombia, Mexico, and South Africa have managed to issue international debt in their own currencies, partly overcoming the burden of what some economists had called “original sin” – that is, an environment in which most countries must issue debt denominated in, say, dollars.
The link between
currencies
and gold was irrevocably broken in 1971, when US President Richard Nixon decided to suspend the convertibility of dollars into gold for central banks.
It is no coincidence that all
currencies
are falling against the dollar except for the ruble (even the Swiss franc would have depreciated significantly if not for the intervention of Switzerland’s central bank).
He argued that taxing short-term movements of money in and out of different
currencies
would curb speculation and create some maneuvering room for domestic macroeconomic management.
The resulting collapse in the dollar value of the
currencies
of the four East Asian countries is an oft-told tale that has been experienced not only by small and less developed countries but also by large and highly developed ones.
Within this department, official entities can exchange SDRs – the IMF’s own international reserve asset – for other
currencies.
Through this so-called “designation mechanism” – which has never been used – the IMF can ensure certainty of access to global
currencies
in times of crisis.
Indeed, the key advantage of the IMF’s SDR department – that it is a quasi-universal and government-driven system whereby
currencies
are exchanged with reliable “collateral” (the SDR) – would be lost.
Instead, foreign-exchange reserves – that is, liquidity in
currencies
accepted for international payments – are held in national agencies until a swap’s activation.
Fearing domestic asset-price bubbles and upward pressure on their
currencies
from an inward rush of capital, many emerging-economy leaders complained loudly about what Brazilian Finance Minister Guido Mantega called an “international currency war.”
Japanese intervention cannot explain the revaluation of the euro against the dollar and many other
currencies.
The euro stops countries like France and Italy from playing their old protectionist game of devaluing their
currencies
at German expense.
A competitive dollar abroad means that other countries should not implement policies that artificially depress the value of their
currencies
in order to promote exports and deter imports.
Several other
currencies
now have minor shares in those portfolios, and will continue to do so in the future.
Many local
currencies
in the EBRD region (such as the Hungarian forint, the Ukrainian hryvnia, and the Russian ruble) have suffered severe depreciation since in the last quarter of 2008.
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