Controls
in sentence
1229 examples of Controls in a sentence
The alternative is the prospect of widespread debt default, banking controls, and protectionism – an outcome that would set back these countries, and the global economy as a whole, for years to come.
The old hybrid – in which advanced countries operated with floating exchange rates and open capital accounts, while developing countries managed the exchange rate via capital
controls
and reserve accumulation as part their growth strategies – worked as long as emerging markets’ systemic effects were relatively small.
America's Federal Reserve has pushed the short-term safe interest rates it
controls
down to remarkably low levels: 1.25% per year.
In all cases, all users, irrespective of whether they had given up or not, had attention impairments compared to
controls.
Although those who stopped using cannabis partially improved over those continued using cannabis, they were below the level of controls, and this impairment was related to the duration of use.
Seeking to influence exchange rates using capital
controls
or direct intervention in currency markets was doomed to failure in anything other than the shortest term.
The Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 convinced governments and central banks that countries that maintained exchange
controls
were able to weather the storm better than countries that embraced liberalization.
It was accepted that maintaining exchange
controls
required a high level of foreign reserves.
So, in much of Asia, we have seen fixed exchange rates for the last decade or more, the maintenance of some exchange
controls
on capital flows, and a massive increase in foreign-exchange reserves.
And it is likely that there will be a need for exchange controls, certainly on short-term capital flows, whether permanently or from time to time.
The Swiss have large reserves, but are so interlinked with global capital markets that exchange
controls
are not a realistic option.
Alas, both pieces of advice could breed protectionism if not accompanied by effective capital
controls.
Capital
controls
(regulations and “prudential measures”) could help to curb appreciation pressures.
If capital
controls
do not work, governments may feel tempted to provide protection to “their” domestic industries by imposing trade restrictions.
Rather than asking Latin American countries to combat food (and oil) inflation by raising policy interest rates, it should help them implement capital
controls
that are both effective and “light” in negative side-effects.
After World War II, when a ruined Europe was smothered in foreign-exchange controls, illegal capital flows out of the continent often averaged 10% of the value of trade or more.
With such leaky capital controls, China’s war chest of $3 trillion won’t be enough to hold down the fort indefinitely.
The government used the period of high oil prices from 2004 to 2013 to quintuple its external debt, expropriate significant chunks of the economy, and impose draconian price, labor, and currency
controls.
Until the end of 1994, Ukraine had a maximum personal income tax of 90 percent, to compare with 35 percent in Russia, and Ukraine had almost comprehensive foreign trade regulations and far-reaching price controls, while Russia had liberalized both regimes in 1992 and 1993.
Studies of Sprague-Dawley rats show that 88-96% of those that serve as experimental
controls
develop tumors before they reach two years of age.
The government owns or
controls
most of the mass media – the major newspapers and television stations – but there is an abundance of mostly marginalized publications and radio stations (to say nothing of the Internet) that retain a remarkable degree of independence.
External trade was liberalized, and many government
controls
on domestic investment were removed.
Rather, it has taken topics one at a time, seeking to reach consensus separately on each: the completion of efforts undertaken by the 2010 South Korean presidency to strengthen multilateral liquidity-provision schemes; the strengthening of multilateral surveillance; the appropriate use of capital controls; and a change in the composition of the basket of currencies that comprise the International Monetary Fund’s Special Drawing Rights, a unit of account that was once expected to evolve into a global store of value.
Capital
controls
and fiscal incentives will keep legitimate private capital at home and promote domestic investment.
But China’s recent tightening of capital
controls
underscores the challenge it already faces in preventing the renminbi from depreciating further.
The creation of the euro was accompanied by large-scale financial liberalization, including the elimination of capital
controls
and the adaptation of the legal framework to allow any European bank to open branches abroad.
These include, in particular, attempts to suppress artificially the fluctuations of the global marketplace by imposing price controls, export controls, marketing boards, and cartels.
When one
controls
for income, increasing a population’s access to sanitation by 50% is correlated with more than nine years of additional life expectancy.
Even today, he is nominally a simple member of the Sejm (parliament) – even if he
controls
the administration from behind the scenes.
In a city with more far-sighted planning controls, there would have been fewer lives lost and less damage.
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