Accumulation
in sentence
359 examples of Accumulation in a sentence
A looming recession undoubtedly spurred this debt accumulation, possibly aided by former Prime Minister Wen Jiabao’s massive 2009 stimulus package.
In the emerging world, however, the mismatch between growth expectations and actual potential has often become a serious issue that demand-side stimulus and endless debt
accumulation
cannot cure.
Persistent undervaluation, achieved through the
accumulation
of foreign-exchange reserves, reduces the incentive to pursue structural reform and achieve productivity growth.
Worse, these are often informal jobs characterized by high turnover, which impedes long-run human-capital
accumulation.
Self-Financing DevelopmentNEW YORK – A remarkable feature of the international financial system in the last decade has been the rapid and vast
accumulation
of foreign-exchange reserves by developing countries.
Developing countries as a whole accounted for more than 80% of global reserve
accumulation
during this period, and their current level of reserves approaches $5 trillion.
But, since the growth model in vogue at the time laid principal emphasis on capital accumulation, China was widely held to have the advantage, because it could raise its investment rate higher than India, where democracy limited the extent to which the population could be taxed to increase domestic savings.
That means that China is beginning to “rejoin the human race” as capital
accumulation
meets scarcer labor and growth slows.
With the eurozone as a whole benefiting from a relatively solid balance-of-payments position, European leaders initially failed to foresee the risk incurred by letting competitiveness differentials grow, and underestimated the threat posed by some countries’
accumulation
of significant external debt.
On the contrary, the
accumulation
of wealth in the Chinese government’s hands should enhance its ability to press ahead with reform.
Since exports and investment account, respectively, for 30% and 40% of China’s GDP growth, its economy is particularly vulnerable to weakening external demand and
accumulation
of non-performing loans caused by excessive and wasteful spending on fixed assets.
They have acted as gateways connecting South Asia to the developed world, and have benefited from globalization, education, capital accumulation, and technological advancement.
In a monetary union, discrepancies in wage growth relative to productivity gains – that is, unit labor costs – will result in a chronic
accumulation
of trade surpluses or deficits.
The footprints of crisis are evident in indicators ranging from unemployment to housing prices to debt
accumulation.
Indeed, Argentina’s sharp rebound has generated a huge
accumulation
of foreign reserves for the country.
However, a retrospective study of abnormal prion protein
accumulation
in appendix and tonsil samples from over 12,600 people in the UK has yielded three more cases, which suggests that the level of BSE infection in the UK population is much higher than the actual number of confirmed variant CJD cases indicates.
Piketty's main assertion is that the leading driver of increased inequality in the developed world is the
accumulation
of wealth by those who are already wealthy, driven by a rate of return on capital that consistently exceeds the rate of GDP growth.
Growth therefore must rely on the much slower
accumulation
of economy-wide capabilities in the form of human capital and institutions.
For example, a shift to a relatively flat consumption tax (with a large deductible for progressivity) would be a far simpler and more effective way to tax past wealth accumulation, especially if citizens’ tax home can be linked to the locale where their income was earned.
Regulations should also have a strong counter-cyclical focus, preventing excessive
accumulation
of leverage and increasing capital and provisions (reserves) during booms, as well as preventing asset price bubbles from feeding into credit expansion.
In the US, influential voices are proposing that the authorities respond to China’s massive
accumulation
of dollar reserves by selling an equivalent amount of dollars and buying an equivalent amount of renminbi.
These instruments – including measures aimed at capital-flow management, currency-market interventions (either sterilized or unsterilized), macro-prudential financial regulation, and the
accumulation
of reserves – provide some room for maneuver.
But the biggest change in Earth’s energy budget by far over the past hundred years is due to the
accumulation
in our atmosphere of greenhouse gases, which limit the exit of heat into space.
Whatever reservations one may have about Germany’s fiscal obsession, rules of the game are required to deal with unsustainable public-debt
accumulation
in a monetary union.
Recent history, particularly the excessive
accumulation
of private and public debt, suggests that we have not acquired it.
Let’s assume that costs to prevent additional
accumulation
of CO2 (and equivalents) come to 1% of GNP every year forever, and, in accordance with a fair amount of empirical evidence, that the component of the discount rate attributable to the declining marginal utility of consumption is equal to twice the rate of growth of consumption.
Learning About Growth from AusterityMILAN – In a recent set of studies, Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff used a vast array of historical data to show that the
accumulation
of high levels of public (and private) debt relative to GDP has an extended negative effect on growth.
Clearly, the current fiscal path being pursued in most advanced economies – the reliance of the United States, the euro zone, the United Kingdom, Japan, and others on very large budget deficits and rapid
accumulation
of public debt – is unsustainable.
Cultural traits that perpetuate poverty are, it is argued, born of centuries of social
accumulation
and cannot be changed quickly.
The crisis originates with “excessive debt accumulation,” which makes economies “vulnerable to crises of confidence.”
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