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Surplus in sentence

1438 examples of Surplus in a sentence

Here, there is also a technical aspect that must be taken into account: it is much easier to constrain consumption through wage contraction or lower credit expansion than it is to stimulate it, especially if the high propensity to save in some surplus countries reflects cultural and institutional factors.
Moreover, it should not be taken for granted that higher prices and wages in Germany will reduce the country’s trade surplus.
To the extent that German products compete on quality rather than price, the surplus might persist even if domestic prices in Germany rise.
The absence of a modern industrial base diminishes the WANA economies’ ability to absorb the surplus generated by oil revenues.
Technological convergence and the transfer of surplus labor to more productive tradable activities would continue, despite the advanced economies’ anemic growth.
While American casino capitalism has collapsed, and America’s European economic satellites are suffering, China seems to be taking advantage of the situation, increasing its trade surplus in the midst of the global economic crisis.
Consumer surplus – which is growing fast, as Internet-based services like Google search and Facebook generate substantial utility to consumers, at a market price of close to zero – is ignored.
Indeed, a recent review of research on productivity by the Brookings Institution and the Chumir Foundation confirmed that gains from new technologies are underestimated, owing to measurement issues relating to both product quality and consumer surplus.
Its current-account surplus fell from more than 10% of GDP in 2007 to 2.6% in 2012, and it ran a large capital-account deficit for the first time since 1998.
Its 2013 trade surplus likely exceeded $250 billion; its capital-account surplus exceeded $200 billion in the first three quarters of the year; and its foreign-exchange reserves soared by $509.7 billion.
Meanwhile, the lower current-account surplus (as a share of GDP) could be a result of its increased investment-income deficit.
In principle, a country can run a current-account deficit or surplus continuously for decades.
A flexible exchange rate dictated by market forces would eliminate the opportunities for currency speculators to make one-way bets on renminbi appreciation, thereby diminishing the stock of hot money that currently accounts for the bulk of China’s capital-account surplus.
Even if China’s current account remained in surplus for some time, the shift from twin surpluses to a more normal external position would boost the efficiency of resource allocation considerably.
The IMF and other creditors are demanding economic adjustments to increase the fiscal surplus, including higher tariffs on privatized public services and a wage freeze for public employees.
At the time, I thought that the greatest policy concern would be the burgeoning current-account surplus of over 10% of GDP, which would create friction with China’s trading partners.
To claim that China “owes” the US for its trade bilateral trade surplus would be like saying that your local grocery store owes you for the money you spent there during the last year.
A central aspect of globalization is the careful documentation of the knowledge and legal tools needed to combine the property rights of seemingly useless single assets (electronic parts, legal rights to production, and so on) into complex wholes (an iPhone), and appropriate the surplus value they generate.
Without any means of participating in the process of producing high-value combinations, people have no chance of seizing some of the surplus value created.
If things go wrong, there are remedies: a big budget surplus is an invitation to big tax cuts, which in America do work, and fast.
Demographic trends are threatening to turn the labor surplus that helped drive China’s rapid growth over the last few decades into a labor shortage at an unprecedented pace.
If demographics did not play a role, a large majority of countries, including Germany, the United States, Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands, France, Norway, and Argentina would not have generational imbalances; they might even record a surplus.
Moreover, whereas the US has a large and recurring trade deficit with China, the country typically posts a surplus with its southern neighbors, which traditionally favor the high-value goods and sophisticated services that US companies provide.
China’s current-account surplus peaked in 2008 at more than 10% of GDP and has since narrowed dramatically, to 1.9% last year.
Technically, this should be recorded as a bigger surplus on the investment-income account, matched by greater acquisition of assets overseas.
And if true investment income is indeed as large as double what is reported, the true US current-account balance entered the black in 2009 and has been in surplus ever since.
To be sure, export-led growth has fueled China’s economic rise so far, with its current-account surplus growing to 10% of GDP in 2008.
It allows all to do more with less, thereby generating a surplus that can be distributed.
The unemployment rate has been halved since 2005, reaching a record low of 4.6% today, and its current-account surplus has soared to a staggering 8% of GDP.
If output grows above trend, the budget is in surplus; if it grows below trend, the budget is in deficit.
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