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Reserves in sentence

1741 examples of Reserves in a sentence

It was accepted that maintaining exchange controls required a high level of foreign reserves.
So, in much of Asia, we have seen fixed exchange rates for the last decade or more, the maintenance of some exchange controls on capital flows, and a massive increase in foreign-exchange reserves.
In particular, a country planning to intervene must demonstrate that it has an intimidating stockpile of foreign-exchange reserves, and the readiness to use it.
The Swiss have large reserves, but are so interlinked with global capital markets that exchange controls are not a realistic option.
Moreover, the intrinsic volatility of short-term capital inflows is another reason for emerging markets to continue accumulating foreign-currency reserves, thereby insulating their economies from sudden out-flows.
An appetite for additional reserves is understandable, but also troubling, because it requires current-account surpluses – one of the primary catalysts of the recent global financial crisis.
So one of the main lessons of the crisis is that accumulating reserves shelters an economy from imported crises, thereby permitting governments to implement counter-cyclical policies.
One reason for this is that banks are hoarding the additional money supply in the form of excess reserves, rather than lending it (in economic terms, the velocity of money has collapsed).
If just one of every 20 Chinese citizens exercised this option, China’s foreign-exchange reserves would be wiped out.
Indeed, despite the giant trade surplus, the People’s Bank of China has been forced to intervene heavily to prop up the exchange rate – so much so that foreign-currency reserves actually fell by $500 billion in 2015.
As a surplus saver, China has run large current-account surpluses since 1994, accumulating a massive portfolio of foreign-exchange reserves that now stands at almost $3.7 trillion.
China has recycled about 60% of these reserves back into dollar-denominated US government securities, because it wants to limit any appreciation of the renminbi against the world’s benchmark currency.
With rebalancing will come a decline in China’s surplus saving, much slower accumulation of foreign-exchange reserves, and a concomitant reduction in its seemingly voracious demand for dollar-denominated assets.
As an additional form of pressure to secure participation, PDVSA’s exclusive right to exploit Venezuela’s hydrocarbon reserves can be withdrawn or modified.
Africa is a continent rich in energy, holding two-thirds of the world’s reserves of hydro-electric power – trillions of kilowatt-hours representing about half of total world resources.
The Congo River alone holds more than 600 billion kilowatt-hours of annual reserves.
However, while 90% of world reserves of hydraulic energy are concentrated in underdeveloped regions like sub-Saharan Africa, HVDC technology remains the preserve of developed countries.
Capital flight stems from myriad causes: debt servicing, the awarding to foreign firms of almost all contracts financed by multilateral lenders (and exemptions from taxes and duties on these goods and services), unfavorable terms of trade, speculation, free transfer of benefits, foreign exchange reserves held in foreign accounts, and domestic private capital funneled abroad.
When a potential or actual loss of confidence in the currency threatens to bring about large capital outflows, intervention usually takes the form of sales of foreign-exchange reserves to mitigate the magnitude or speed of depreciation.
After a spectacular increase in reserves, the cap was eventually lifted in December 2014 and replaced with a policy of negative interest rates.
Second, the size of Lebanon’s recoverable energy reserves is uncertain.
But, rather than rely on the IMF to fulfill its mandate of protecting them from liquidity crises, they self-insure by accumulating large stockpiles of international reserves.
Tapping a country’s own reserves may not be an ideal option, but at least it is fast.
As for the rest, pre-approval would substantially diminish the temptation to self-insure by accumulating reserves.
Beyond water, Tibet is the world’s top lithium producer; home to China’s largest reserves of several metals, including copper and chromite (used in steel production); and an important source of diamonds, gold, and uranium.
Bottled water is being sourced even from protected reserves where glaciers are already in retreat.
Existing reserves in areas with the highest concentrations of species, which lie mostly in developing countries, need to be extended and linked through corridors.
At the same time, people living in or near such reserves must be given the assistance they need to farm, fish, and earn a livelihood in ways that do not destroy the very ecosystems on which both they and wildlife depend.
Indeed, protected areas now cover over 12% of the Earth’s surface, although the creation of marine reserves remains woefully low.
The third major threat would be is an economic depression, that could be possibly triggered by financial mismanagement, or by a crisis that disrupts global access to oil flows from the Persian Gulf – home towhere two-thirds of global world oil reserves are located.
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