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Reforms in sentence

4494 examples of Reforms in a sentence

Each year, every member country is handed a to-do list of public spending, labor-market, and competition reforms, as well as other recommendations.
And, two years ago, German Chancellor Angela Merkel floated the idea of individually tailored “reform contracts” that, again, would create incentives for governments to enact pro-growth reforms.
Some advocate further centralization of decisions; but that will not help, either, because reforms are intrinsically national, if not sub-national.
The demonstration effect of China may be compelling, with the lesson being that it is possible to implement the reforms needed to grow fast while staying in power.
Its 2008 report Making the Law Work for Everyone argues that legal empowerment is not about aid, but about policy and institutional reforms that expand the legal opportunities and protection of the poor.
All the problems of the Middle East – Iraq, the Arab-Israeli dispute, the need for political reforms, and Islamic terrorism – are interconnected.
When the economy was near collapse during the recent crisis, we thought that the government would recognize the need to push ahead with radical reforms that would eventually lead to a diverse, de-centralized, and fast-growing economy.
The so-called Gref Program (named after former Minister of the Economy German Gref) foresaw many of the reforms that are vitally needed – privatization, deregulation, accession to the World Trade Organization, and reform of the government, natural monopolies, and social security.
Many of these reforms are outlined in the current government’s own “Long-Term Strategy for 2020.”
Given the fundamental challenges to society posed by the free flow of goods, services, and capital – and compounded by rapid technological progress, most immediately in robotics – structural reforms must also be undertaken.
They also must establish a credible plan for medium-term fiscal consolidation – one that entails both higher tax revenues and expenditure reforms, but only once the economy is strong enough to handle such measures.
This means that the needed reforms are as much political as economic.
They should consider reforms that include giving city governments the authority, resources, and responsibility that they need to address health and health-care outcomes.
Proven systems and reforms should be shared between emerging-market cities, and successful new innovations and ideas should be adapted to local conditions.
So, for reforms to take hold, the Greek government and its electorate must believe in them.
If a government is incapable of or uninterested in making the needed adjustments, the report argued, the best option is to drip money out as reforms are implemented, as is now being done in Greece.
If there is no will inside the country to maintain the reforms, they will quickly be undermined.
To be sure, structural reforms often favor policies like labor-market flexibility.
If structural reforms simply lower all wages and prices, it may indeed be difficult in the short-term to counter the drop in aggregate demand.
In cases like Greece, the creditors’ passion for structural reforms might be better directed at home – particularly toward improving financial regulation.
In an ideal world, offering financial aid in exchange for reforms might help those in the country who want to shape it into a modern European state.
Central banks frequently stress the limits of their powers, and bemoan lack of government progress toward “structural reform” – a catch-all phrase covering trade liberalization, labor- and product-market reforms, and measures to address medium-term fiscal challenges, such as pension age increases.
Indeed, some structural reforms, such as increasing labor-market flexibility (by, say, making it easier to dismiss workers), can initially have a negative effect on consumer confidence and spending.
Vague references to “structural reform” should ideally be banned, with everyone forced to specify which particular reforms they are talking about and the timetable for any benefits that are achieved.
The results of the Washington Consensus reforms were at best controversial, and some economists have even described the 1980’s and 1990’s as “lost decades” in many developing countries.
Indeed, emerging countries have largely recognized the need for a comprehensive strategy, comprising targeted policies and deep structural reforms, to develop new sources of growth.
The inevitable time lag between reforms and results has not helped matters.
Only by recognizing the weaknesses of old growth patterns and pursuing the needed structural reforms can emerging economies achieve strong, stable, and sustainable GDP growth – and fulfill their potential as the global economy’s main engines.
Necessary policy reforms advocated by a ruling party are often held hostage to the prejudices of its allies.
But the stringent institutional reforms that they demand, while beneficial in theory, might not stabilize, let alone enhance, the development process.
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