Quarks
in sentence
23 examples of Quarks in a sentence
They make up a single, giant edifice obeying the same physical laws and all made from the same types of atoms, electrons, protons, quarks, neutrinos, that make up you and me.
But, you might ask, why was the Higgs boson included in the standard model, alongside well-known particles like electrons and photons and quarks, if it hadn't been discovered back then in the 1970s?
Mathematical string theories suggest descriptions of this unification, in addition to a fundamental structure for sub-atomic
quarks
and electrons.
They make up a single, giant edifice, obeying the same physical laws and all made from the same types of atoms, electrons, protons, quarks, neutrinos that make up you and me.
Further back, microseconds after the Big Bang, and the protons and neutrons were only just beginning to form from quarks, one of the fundamental building blocks of the standard model of particle physics.
Further back still, and the energy was too great even for the
quarks
to stick together.
Even the neutrons and protons have smaller particles inside of them known as
quarks.
And there you see unification, because matter particles, electrons and quarks, radiation particles, photons, gravitons, are all built up from one entity.
The quarks, these pink things, are the things that make up protons and neutrons that make up the atomic nuclei in your body.
The
quarks
are stuck together by other things called gluons.
The picture is that the electrons and the
quarks
in your body and in the universe that we see around us are heavy, in a sense, and massive, because they're surrounded by Higgs particles.
In about the first billionth of a second or so, the Higgs field kicked in, and the
quarks
and the gluons and the electrons that make us up got mass.
Though once thought to be fundamental particles on their own, in 1968 physicists found that protons and neutrons are actually made of quarks, which are indivisible.
A proton contains two “up”
quarks
and one “down” quark.
A neutron contains two down
quarks
and one up.
Electrons, together with up and down quarks, seem to be all we need to build atoms and therefore describe normal matter.
However, high energy experiments reveal that there are actually six quarks– down & up, strange & charm, and bottom & top - and they come in a wide range of masses.
In contrast, the up and down
quarks
have very large masses, and combine in threes to make the protons and neutrons inside atoms.
The strong force acts between
quarks
which carry a different kind of charge, called color charge, and come in three different varieties: red, green and blue.
Electrons have an electric charge, a negative one, and
quarks
have electric charges in thirds.
So when two up
quarks
and a down quark are combined to make a proton, it has a total electric charge of plus one.
We can include the strong force by spreading out its two charge directions and plotting the charges of the force particles in
quarks
along these directions.
Quantum Mechanics, on the other hand, is equally successful at describing the universe at the smallest scales: quarks, electrons, atoms, and molecules.
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