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Optimal in sentence

242 examples of Optimal in a sentence

The fact that the eurozone lacked the labor-market flexibility needed to make it an optimal currency area meant that adjustment via regional reallocation of economic activity would be glacial, while its members’ loss of control over monetary policy ruled out adjustment via nominal depreciation.
That would not be the case if the eurozone operated according to Robert Mundell’s vision of an optimal currency area, with labor and capital adjustments replacing exchange-rate adjustment, and shocks being homogeneous (rather than asymmetric).
Given this, the goal today should be to move toward an optimal currency area.
For starters, Europe’s leaders must recognize that the eurozone, as it is currently constituted, is larger than Europe’s optimal currency area.
Otherwise, they will continue to go from one crisis to the next, with countries that do fall within the optimal currency area – for example, Germany and France – facing the consequences.
Optimal trade intensity depends on many factors – such as relative labor costs, transport costs, productivity levels, and economy-of-scale effects.
But this view ignores the possibility that the array of choices offered by chance to natural selection may be sufficiently extensive to allow an optimal or near-optimal solution to emerge, in which case the process is actually close to obligatory and reproducible under the prevailing conditions.
If, for example, meeting domestic inflation and employment targets requires greater monetary expansion – which will place downward pressure on the local currency, bolstering the economy’s international competitiveness – other countries may have to pursue their own monetary expansion to maintain optimal domestic inflation and employment rates.
Others question the efficacy of market-based approaches to drive sustainability, because markets can never deliver optimal social and environmental outcomes.
Sub-Saharan Africa and the world’s other poorest regions have recorded significantly more than 2% annual population growth in recent years, whereas the demographic trend in the advanced economies of Europe and Asia has been flat or decliningSimulations indicate that the optimal average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime is around 2.3.
The intellectual father of the euro, Columbia University’s Robert Mundell, once famously opined that the optimal number of currencies in the world is an odd number, preferably less than three.
Some will say that it was a mistake to have allowed Italy into the eurozone in the first place, and that an optimal currency zone should have been more discriminating in its membership.
From a political perspective as well, optimal efficiency is not always desirable.
Soon enough, drones will take over the task of spraying pesticides; livestock will be equipped with sensors to track milk quantities, movement patterns, and feed rations; tractors will be controlled by GPS; and app-controlled sowing machines will assess soil quality to determine the optimal distance between rows and plants.
So the optimal source for antioxidants is diet, not supplements.
Not the least of these challenges is to extrapolate future radiocesium distributions reliably, which is essential to the development of effective monitoring procedures and the formulation of optimal cleanup plans.
Uncertainty ensures that even optimal policies will lead to mistakes.
To be sure, the eurozone does not fully meet all of the conditions of an optimal currency area (which include an open and diversified economy, free movement of capital and labor, and flexible prices and wages).
Even the Pentagon’s Defense Science Board admits this, reporting that America’s strategic communication “lacks Presidential direction, effective interagency coordination, optimal private sector partnerships, and adequate resources.”
The optimal way to do this is by increasing the production of exportable goods, rather than through a recession that depresses imports.
The additional revenue might initially come from selling small electricity surpluses to local farmers to recharge their mobile phones (thereby allowing them to work out the optimal prices for their crops), or to help them irrigate farmland using small electric pumps.
Game theory, which provides mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between rational decision-makers, has generally not offered much in the way of desirable strategies for overcoming this dilemma, let alone an optimal strategy for resolving actual conflicts.
In a fiat-money world without fractional reserve banks, OMF is an obvious strategy: indeed, without it, positive nominal GDP growth might be difficult to achieve, and optimal real growth might therefore require an unattainable downward flexibility in nominal wages and prices.
Despite White’s thoughtful questions and challenges, therefore, I remain convinced that there are some circumstances in which OMF would be an optimal policy, and that we should be willing to weigh the pros and cons of its application calmly in the light of evolving post-crisis circumstances, rather than to treat it as a taboo option.
It does not mean that the design is smart or optimal.
The accession countries had to decide the optimal timing for eurozone enlargement - a difficult task, because economic theory gives no clear answers in this respect, and because several accession countries are wrestling with fiscal imbalances well above the Maastricht Treaty's ceiling of 3% of GDP.
First, most people have learned that no universal solution is optimal for all accession countries.
Even though many, including myself, do not see it as an optimal final solution, it is an important compromise that will allow eurozone enlargement to start.
Different attitudes toward risk are a central factor in the perennial controversy over how much stimulus is optimal.
The Nobel laureate economist Thomas Sargent and others recently argued that the optimal level of debt for the US is in fact very close to zero, though he does not recommend trying to get there anytime soon, given that US government debt is now over 100% of GDP.
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