Mechanisms
in sentence
1141 examples of Mechanisms in a sentence
Economists should recognize the limitations of cost-benefit analysis and offer a more rigorous method for analyzing the non-marginal, non-linear feedback
mechanisms
that affect major investments.
Moreover, a high corporate-tax rate is an ineffective and costly tool for producing revenues, owing to innovative financial transactions and legal tax-avoidance
mechanisms.
Piketty with Chinese CharacteristicsHONG KONG – In his bestselling book Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Thomas Piketty argues that capitalism aggravates inequality through several mechanisms, all of which are based on the notion that r (the return on capital) falls less quickly than g (growth in income).
As a result, eurozone countries’ appetite for borrowing remains unbridled, while at the same time the sanction
mechanisms
included in the European Union’s “fiscal compact” are quietly set aside.
The current system relies on ad hoc mechanisms, which generally operate too late, after high indebtedness has already imposed devastating effects.
By eliminating free radicals from our body, we interfere with important defensive
mechanisms
for eliminating damaged cells, including cancerous cells.
There are still many gaps in our knowledge of the
mechanisms
of action of antioxidant supplements.
Successful leaders are careful to identify their company’s blind spots and introduce
mechanisms
to ensure that no harm will come from them.
By understanding the
mechanisms
driving outcomes, we can devise strategies to stop, prevent, encourage, or overcome them.
The discovery of the
mechanisms
by which large economic fluctuations occur had led to an understanding of how to use fiscal and monetary policies, to tame, if not to prevent, crises such as the Great Depression, when the US economy shrank by 28.9% between 1928 and 1933.
This is the crux of the Lisbon Treaty, which is designed to usher in new institutions and
mechanisms
aimed at creating more politically cohesive EU external policies.
Yet the tangible and intangible benefits of adopting new forms of collaboration – reducing the cost of failure, leveraging unused IP and external funding mechanisms, increasing access to networks of talent, and establishing greater trust among patients and other stakeholders – could be extensive.
But, as has been demonstrated in areas like air pollution, traffic congestion, spectrum allocation, and tobacco consumption, market
mechanisms
are often the best way for governments to address such failures.
So why are such
mechanisms
now in retreat?
There is a fascinating parallel between the evolution of American political attitudes toward market
mechanisms
in environmental regulation and Republican hostility to “Obamacare” (the 2010 Affordable Care Act).
Loans from the China Development Bank carry higher interest rates than the West’s traditional lending mechanisms, but they also come with fewer restrictions on policy, and allowed Venezuela to escape the worst of the bondholders’ wrath – at least so far.
Just as Europe and the US have made substantial progress in implementing effective health and environmental policies, China’s quality-control
mechanisms
can be improved.
NRT has helped pastoralist communities establish effective governance
mechanisms
for the environment on which they depend, reducing conflict over grazing rights, especially in times of drought.
The EU’s fiscal surveillance
mechanisms
failed to predict these developments because they neglect a crucial variable: the dynamics of private-sector debt.
Studies of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, have significantly advanced our understanding of the
mechanisms
underlying Mendelian genetics.
For example, in West Africa’s Sahel region – which is experiencing a combination of drought, failed harvests, high food prices, displacement, and endemic poverty – the lack of social protection leaves millions of people to rely on their own limited coping
mechanisms
and charity.
By providing such a “backstop,” rich countries can enable poor countries to introduce needed social-insurance
mechanisms
for their citizens.
Moreover, mortgages, mutual insurance, leasing, and microfinance are underdeveloped in Islamic finance; insolvency and bankruptcy procedures must be improved; and
mechanisms
to deal with “Islamic bond” defaults must be established.
And still another is a euro with defined and predictable internal debt-resolution
mechanisms.
Such tools include well-designed public-private partnerships, especially when it comes to modernizing infrastructure; disruptive outside advisers – selected not for what they think, but for how they think – in the government decision-making process;
mechanisms
to strengthen inter-agency coordination so that it enhances, rather than retards, policy responsiveness; and broader cross-border private-sector linkages to enhance multilateral coordination.
Mechanisms
of accountability are not just auditing devices.
But the fact is that this groundswell has in large part been catalyzed by the existing targets, timetables, and innovative
mechanisms
of the UN climate treaties, and not least by the momentum generated around the often-criticized 2009 Copenhagen summit.
And they should encourage tertiary institutions to develop internal assessment mechanisms, use transparent criteria for external assessment, and employ current information and communications technologies.
But these risks do not outweigh the potential benefits of financial openness, and they can be minimized with effective monitoring and regulation, including requirements for large capital buffers and low leverage ratios, together with strong crisis-response mechanisms, like a resolution trust corporation.
But the case for small steps guided by market
mechanisms
is strong.
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