Inflows
in sentence
636 examples of Inflows in a sentence
But, at a time when business is more powerful than ever, with multinational corporations stretching around the world, the private sector must work with governments and NGOs to help address the short-term and long-term challenges posed by the massive refugee
inflows.
The challenge, everyone agrees, is not confined to managing the huge
inflows
and processing asylum applications.
Now, just as the US Federal Reserve contemplates an exit from its unconventional monetary policies, emerging economies’ current-account positions are weakening, making their reliance on capital
inflows
increasingly apparent – and increasingly dangerous.
As emerging-market central banks leaned against heavy capital
inflows
in order to mitigate exchange-rate appreciation, their currencies became less volatile.
The resulting perception that currency risk was declining bolstered capital
inflows
further.
This virtuous feedback loop has now turned vicious, with capital
inflows
amounting to only a fraction of outflows.
In this respect, the eurozone compares favorably with other large currency areas, such as the United States or, closer to home, the United Kingdom, which run external deficits and thus depend on continuing
inflows
of capital.
With the Financial Action Task Force having reduced bank secrecy in Switzerland and cleaned up the many small island tax havens, there are two major remaining destinations: the United States and the United Kingdom, both of which permit anonymous currency
inflows
and allow asset owners to hide their identity.
Sometimes the “sudden stop” in capital
inflows
sparks a currency crash, sometimes a banking crisis, and quite often a sovereign default.
Commodity prices seem to have bottomed out in 2016, and remittance
inflows
have recovered, now exceeding 2007-2008 levels.
While those who, like me, adhere to the Mundell-Fleming framework (according to which fiscal stimulus will be offset by the resulting increase in capital inflows, currency appreciation, and reduced export competitiveness) do not stress the impact of flexible fiscal policy, Keynesians take it very seriously.
Sex and PopulismBRUSSELS – The rate at which migrants are arriving has diminished considerably almost everywhere in Europe since the huge
inflows
seen in 2015.
Rising food prices are an international phenomenon, and Russia’s inflation is driven by the large current account surpluses and capital
inflows.
As long as China was running a trade surplus and receiving net
inflows
of foreign direct investment, the RMB remained under upward pressure.
That difference led to active exchange-rate arbitrage by mainland importers and multinational firms – one form of capital
inflows
from Hong Kong to the mainland.
The strategy worked too well: the large credit
inflows
that it attracted triggered an inflationary boom that reduced the country’s competitiveness.
Indeed, the problem today is not excessive capital inflows; international markets have largely turned against emerging markets.
So restricting capital
inflows
is not necessary now.
Foreigners make up less than 2% of Japan’s population, and a United Nations report from 2001 found that Japan would need
inflows
averaging 609,000 immigrants per year until 2050 to maintain the percentage of its working-age population.
In addition, measures should target the Sudanese government where it hurts most: revenue and foreign investment
inflows
into Sudan’s petroleum sector, and supply of goods and services to that and associated sectors.
But financial
inflows
into Chechnya are often more destabilizing than helpful.
Taken by itself, today’s $750 billion annual rate of household saving could replace that amount in capital
inflows
from the rest of the world.
That would mean that the US would continue to need substantial
inflows
of foreign capital to fund business investment and housing construction.
That reduced trade deficit and the resulting decline in capital
inflows
will lead to higher real interest rates in the US.
The higher interest rate will reduce the level of business investment and residential construction until they can be financed with the smaller volume of national saving plus the reduced capital
inflows.
This means retaining, and possibly strengthening, capital controls on
inflows
of highly liquid “hot” money from dollars into yuan, and continuing to peg certain interest rates, such as basic deposit and loan rates, to help preserve the profitability of banks.
These economies’ current-account surpluses, together with massive
inflows
of capital, have led their monetary authorities to try to prevent their national currencies from appreciating in order to maintain the competitiveness of their industries.
Commodity-price booms are usually associated with rising incomes, stronger fiscal positions, appreciating currencies, declining borrowing costs, and capital
inflows.
Indeed, since the current slump began four years ago, economic activity for many commodity exporters has slowed markedly; their currencies have slid, after nearly a decade of relative stability; interest-rate spreads have widened; and capital
inflows
have dried up.
They are a threat to all, especially in times of high capital mobility, when governments rely too much on foreign lenders’ apparent willingness to provide funds and find themselves in dire straits when capital
inflows
stop.
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