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Fluctuations in sentence

224 examples of Fluctuations in a sentence

If Europe takes this road, monetary policy could help by assuring the minimal stabilization of cyclical fluctuations, without having to keep nominal interest at too high a level.
Second, both government spending and growth in non-oil sectors are influenced by fluctuations in oil revenues.
For example, some scientists are searching for evidence of quantum fluctuations of space-time that could blur images of distant stars or lead to systematic distortions.
Tobin was concerned about excessive fluctuations in exchange rates.
Oil prices are also notoriously volatile, so the tax scheme must ensure that the government and the oil companies share the costs and benefits of price fluctuations.
In addition, certain members of OPEC, again led by Saudi Arabia, are now less willing to try to moderate fluctuations in the price of oil, as they correctly recognize that “swing producers” risk durable losses in market share.
In theory, government stockpiles might be able to smooth price fluctuations.
But speculators more often act as detectors of changes in economic fundamentals, or provide the signals that smooth transitory fluctuations.
China no doubt views the emergence of renminbi-denominated oil contracts as a means for Chinese companies to buy oil and gas in their own currency, thereby avoiding exposure to foreign currency fluctuations and firing a shot across the bow of US dollar supremacy.
Bubbles can persist for decades (think of real-estate prices in fashionable cities) or just minutes (as in hard-to-justify intraday fluctuations).
Third, trade reforms can help smooth international macroeconomic fluctuations and contribute to an orderly resolution of global imbalances.
Stimulus spending, the deficit hawks’ favorite bogeyman, did not cause most of the increased deficits and debt, which are the result of “automatic stabilizers” – the tax cuts and spending increases that automatically accompany economic fluctuations.
Biomass (along with hydropower) can be used to smooth the fluctuations inherent to wind and solar.
Fiscal policy would then become dangerously procyclical, aggravating business fluctuations.
Of course, just as it was inappropriate to extrapolate from the previous decade of strong growth, one should not read too much into short-term fluctuations.
He concluded that much of our business cycle is driven by fluctuations in “animal spirits,” something in the mind – and not understood by economists.
The financial sector has since made every effort to design instruments that protect against price fluctuations, to transform private debt into tradable financial securities, and to gain access to speculative markets.
Second, a sound fiscal strategy requires establishing, on the basis of prudent economic assumptions, an ambitious budgetary target for the medium term, determining what mix of taxation and expenditure cuts are required in order to achieve it, and then sticking to the plan throughout economic fluctuations.
Historically, poaching has also been immune to fluctuations in the retail price of rhino horns.
Its policy is tailored after that of Singapore, which has avoided large currency fluctuations – and has maintained a significantly more competitive exchange rate during the last three years than all of Latin America’s countries.
Japan could have insulated itself from a good deal of the effects of GDP fluctuations if it had managed this risk accordingly.
A more trade-reliant economy is more sensitive to fluctuations in the foreign exchange value of its currency.
Detection means determining whether an extreme event is part of usual weather fluctuations or a symptom of deeper, long-term change.
Growth was fastest from 1870-1890, followed by large fluctuations in output.
There is no way of telling yet whether these represent mere fluctuations in a slow recovery process or a break in the positive trend.
The discovery of the mechanisms by which large economic fluctuations occur had led to an understanding of how to use fiscal and monetary policies, to tame, if not to prevent, crises such as the Great Depression, when the US economy shrank by 28.9% between 1928 and 1933.
It is therefore vulnerable to price fluctuations, and has to follow the lead of Saudi Arabia and other big OPEC producers.
The economic rationale for guaranteed prices is well known: stabilizing the prices of primary products, which are subject to sharp fluctuations, stabilizes their producers’ incomes.
In addition, price fluctuations throughout that decade were huge, with dire effects on sub-Saharan African and other developing countries that were largely dependent on commodities for export earnings.
But primary-product prices remain much more volatile than the prices of manufactured goods and services, causing large fluctuations in producers’ incomes.
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