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Flows in sentence

1766 examples of Flows in a sentence

Germany already faces large financial risks, owing to the ECB’s balance sheet and the Target2 balances at the Bundesbank that are generated by international flows of deposits to German commercial banks.
Obviously, it requires that governments renounce direct restrictions on trade and capital flows.
There is no Chinese counterpart to the Development Assistance Committee, which publishes annual reports on global aid flows from OECD member countries.
Therefore, the countries closest to Western Europe have received the largest flows of foreign investments from Western Europe, and have also been able to expand their exports to the European Community.
Given the major role that tax revenues play in funding development efforts – providing two-thirds of the financing for the UN Millennium Development Goals, with official aid and private flows covering the rest – the bleeding must be stanched.
There was a time when north-south migratory flows in the western hemisphere were limited to Mexico and the Caribbean.
But trade flows are vulnerable.
Following the credit-bubble burst in 2008, fiscal transfers replaced these private financial flows, causing budget deficits to balloon.
The threats to internal stability are large and growing; and, as Venezuela shows, when internal order breaks down, regional stability is put at risk by refugee flows, gangs, and drug cartels.
Given that international capital flows had restarted, they did not fear immediate external constraints.
Add to this total the substantial spending by China, Arab states, and Latin American countries in the form of investments and loans, and it is clear that flows of ODA toward the developing world have reached unprecedented levels.
But it is becoming clear that sustained flows of development aid will not be enough to eradicate extreme poverty by 2030 and implement the new United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, which are to be agreed upon later this year.
The money being spent on aid today could have a substantially greater impact if it were used to mobilize domestic tax flows and private investment in aid-dependent countries.
Much of the lost tax revenue escapes in illicit flows and ends up abroad.
Africa, for example, loses around $50 billion a year in illicit flows, much more than it receives in development aid.
Despite populist speeches about the threat posed by “Polish plumbers,” net migration flows between regions are generally insensitive to differences in unemployment rates among regions.
This challenge is most striking on trans-boundary rivers in Asia, where China has established a hydro-supremacy unparalleled on any continent by annexing the starting places of major international rivers – the Tibetan plateau and Xinjiang – and working to reengineer cross-border flows through dams, reservoirs, barrages, irrigation networks, and other structures.
China – the source of trans-boundary river flows to more countries than any other hydro-hegemon – has shifted the focus of its dam-building program from dam-saturated internal rivers to international rivers after having already built more large dams than the rest of the world combined.
Yet China remains the stumbling block, refusing to enter into a water-sharing treaty with any neighbor – much less support a regional regulatory framework – because it wants to maintain its strategic grip on trans-boundary river flows.
The data bear this out: FDI outflows more than doubled in 2008, to $52 billion, from $23 billion in 2007, and rose even further in 2009 (when world FDI flows collapsed by about 50%, owing to the Western financial and economic crisis), before reaching $68 billion in 2010.
The Bretton Woods-GATT regime entailed a “shallow” form of international economic integration that implied controls on international capital flows, which Keynes and his contemporaries had viewed as crucial for domestic economic management.
Most capital flows were official – government to government.
It is now widely appreciated that the real role of the IMF today is to give its views on macroeconomic policy which can inform the very large flows of private capital that are moving about the globe.
That is why any comprehensive approach to restoring the advanced countries’ economic and financial vibrancy must target the proper revival of private credit flows.
On the finance side, international capital flows and global imbalances were the primary focus.
Moreover, the Chinese authorities have launched a raft of reforms aimed at opening the economy and making it more market-oriented, and have announced plans to liberalize interest and exchange rates and continue to ease restrictions on cross-border capital flows.
Much of the vast earnings that the Soviet state collected from energy sales, particularly exports, now flows into a few private pockets.
Moreover, unlimited quantitative easing by the Bank of Japan, the Federal Reserve, and the European Central Bank also increases the risk of volatile capital flows and asset bubbles in Asian emerging economies.
The key objective of China’s capital controls is to prevent non-residents from holding domestic RMB-denominated assets that are unrelated to trade and long-term capital flows.
The result has been chronic violence and instability, leading to massive refugee flows into Europe that have upended politics in one EU member state after another.
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