Flows
in sentence
1766 examples of Flows in a sentence
They include American strategic primacy; massive and rapid cross-border
flows
of people, technology, goods, services, ideas, germs, money, arms, e-mails, carbon dioxide, and just about anything else; and relatively peaceful relations among the major powers – the US, China, Japan, Russia, India, and an increasingly integrated and enlarged Europe.
Rather than leading rich-country savers to invest their money in poor countries out of greed, liberalization of capital
flows
has led poor-country savers to park their money in rich countries out of fear – fear of political instability, macreconomic disturbances, and deficient institutions (especially those that protect the rights of bondholders and minority shareholders).
It would be nice to believe that when the tide of dollar-denominated securities ebbs, the
flows
of finance currently directed at America will smoothly shift course and boost investment in Asia.
So there is no way Europe will become a magnet for world capital
flows
anytime soon.
High prices and future discoveries will generate money
flows
so vast that, if properly managed, they could transform desperately poor parts of Africa into regions of prosperity.
Certainly, income from resource extraction will dwarf all other financial
flows
there.
At its core, globalization entails the increasing volume, velocity, and importance of
flows
– within and across borders – of people, ideas, greenhouse gases, goods, dollars, drugs, viruses, emails, weapons, and a good deal else, challenging one of sovereignty’s fundamental principles: the ability to control what crosses borders in either direction.
This reflects not simply scruples, but a view that state failure and genocide can lead to destabilizing refugee
flows
and create openings for terrorists to take root.
One of the papers, by Timothy J. Hatton of the University of Essex and Australian National University, examined refugee
flows
around the world, to see what drives them.
He finds that, contrary to some expectations, refugee
flows
are driven largely by political terror and human rights abuses, not economic forces.
Capital
flows
– in the form of equity and bond purchases, foreign direct investment, and lending – fell by over two thirds, from $11.9 trillion to $3.3 trillion, between 2007 and 2015.
Optimists can envision a new generation of trans-Pacific
flows
of trade, investment, and knowledge, with benefits for all.
But that potential will be realized only if more knowledge, not less,
flows
across member countries’ borders.
Viewing such aid to local NGOs as undue interference in their affairs, a growing number of governments in the global south want to maintain or recover full control over cash
flows
from abroad – especially if they are destined for civil-society actors, which, because of their international connections, are viewed as having divided loyalties.
As a result, cash
flows
and networking among national and international NGOs, foundations, and other external donors are coming under ever stricter scrutiny by governments.
The crisis in the eurozone has, of course, fragmented financial flows, caused economies to diverge, eroded political support for EU institutions, and set Europeans against one another.
Now, as governments erect barriers and reinstate border controls, the refugee crisis is disrupting
flows
of people and gumming up trade.
Re-erecting barriers to capital
flows
in the form of international taxes, thereby cordoning off crises before they turn global, is therefore another task for government.
The progress made on the banking union is important, but two key components are still needed: first, a true rehabilitation of the European banking system to ensure that credit
flows
resume throughout the eurozone, while averting deflation; and, second, debt mutualization to protect vulnerable countries from market gyrations.
To some extent, Europe seems to have abandoned the Mediterranean’s southern shore, compensated in part by
flows
of economic aid from the Gulf countries.
Integration is a precondition for the public acceptance of future legal
flows.
An invasion of short-term capital
flows
fleeing the slow-growth, low-interest-rate advanced countries.
Indeed, bilateral trade
flows
covered by such agreements now amount to roughly half of the world’s imports, and have contributed significantly to the dramatic growth of trade.
There is another area where the problem concerns Germany and Italy more than Germany and France: the management of refugee
flows
and the distribution of asylum-seekers.
And as the conflict in Libya intensifies, these
flows
threaten to increase.
Furthermore, exchange-rate movements are essentially determined by financial
flows
and may have no effects in terms of correcting global trade imbalances.
But it is inducing massive capital
flows
to emerging markets, where they are generating asset-price bubbles.
A particular linguistic twist is also involved here: domestic financial regulations are called by that name, but if they involve cross-border flows, they are called “controls.”
Actually, this would imply a return to the IMF’s founding principle: it is in the best interest of all members to allow countries to pursue their own full-employment macroeconomic policies, even if this requires regulating capital
flows.
For emerging markets, the best way forward is to correct the incentives for interest-rate arbitrage at the source of capital
flows.
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