Floating
in sentence
560 examples of Floating in a sentence
Under a clean
floating
rate, there cannot be and never has been a foreign exchange crisis.
The foreign exchange crisis that affected Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia did not spill over to New Zealand or Australia because those countries had
floating
exchange rates.
Two points stand out from this analysis:(a) Of the three possible exchange rate regimes for a developing country, either a truly fixed rate with no national central bank or a
floating
rate plus a national central bank is preferable to a pegged exchange rate.
Low interest rates meant that deficits could be financed by
floating
bonds.
Japan was able to defeat Russia in 1905 only after a Jewish banker in New York, Jacob Schiff, helped Japan by
floating
bonds.
How the euro would be able to depreciate, given that it is a
floating
currency with very little intervention – that is, the exchange rate is largely market determined – depends on monetary policy.
Today, most emerging-market economies have (or at least pretend to have)
floating
exchange rates, and yet locals continue to borrow heavily in foreign currency.
The other part of the explanation follows from what the economists Guillermo Calvo and Carmen Reinhart call “fear of floating.”
If the central bank is serious about floating, it will hike local interest rates to limit price increases, causing a painful recession.
America’s current exchange-rate regime is one of
floating
rates – or at least of rates that can float.
Back in the 1950s and 1960s, economists like Milton Friedman assumed that a global regime of
floating
exchange rates would be one in which currency values moved slowly and gradually alongside differences in the economy’s inflation and productivity-growth rates.
The North American Free Trade area increased trade among Canada, Mexico, and the US, all of which have separately
floating
exchange rates.
While the potential
floating
of shares of Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia’s state-owned oil company, seems to suggest that privatization has not been completely jettisoned, there is a wider and potentially more important trend.
Second,
floating
exchange rates imply that devaluation is an automatic adjustment mechanism, so it occurs without the appearance of an explicit burden-sharing choice and the accompanying potential for political gridlock.
This changed with the advent of
floating
exchange rates in the early 1970’s, which allowed more stability-conscious countries, such as Germany, to decouple from a US monetary policy that they considered too inflationary.
But, even under
floating
exchange rates, the US retained an advantage: given that the dollar remained the key global reserve currency, the US could finance large external deficits at very favorable rates.
The following propositions garnered support from at least 90% of economists: import tariffs and quotas reduce general economic welfare; rent controls reduce the supply of housing;
floating
exchange rates provide an effective international monetary system; the US should not restrict employers from outsourcing work to foreign countries; and fiscal policy stimulates the economy when there is less than full employment.
And the proposition that
floating
exchange rates are an effective system relies on assumptions about the workings of the monetary and financial system that have proved problematic;I suspect a poll today would find significantly less support for it.
After all, the wise, the moderate, and the
floating
voter do not switch on the radio to listen to archconservatives like the American broadcaster Rush Limbaugh.
Let’s start by acknowledging that the modern system of
floating
exchange rates has, on the whole, acquitted itself remarkably well.
But the continuing success of the
floating
exchange-rate system does not imply a smooth ride in 2011.
Finally, currency chaos is the safest bet of all, with sharp and unpredictable swings in
floating
exchange rates around the world.
The
floating
exchange-rate system works surprisingly well, but currency volatility and unpredictability look likely to remain an enduring constant in 2011 and beyond.
First, there is little evidence to support the central bank’s assumption that a
floating
exchange rate will ensure macroeconomic consistency.
On the other hand, it is clear that the roadmap to the eurozone might be completely different for the larger accession countries with
floating
exchange rates and inflation-targeting monetary policy regimes.
And, by protecting the
floating
exchange-rate regime, the central bank ensures that Chile does not confront the kind of foreign-debt crisis that has hit other Latin American countries.
Even Bachelet’s critics agree that Chile’s basic macroeconomic policies will not change: an independent central bank committed to price stability, a free-trade regime with a
floating
currency, and a fiscal policy that will keep deficits and public debt low.
The old hybrid – in which advanced countries operated with
floating
exchange rates and open capital accounts, while developing countries managed the exchange rate via capital controls and reserve accumulation as part their growth strategies – worked as long as emerging markets’ systemic effects were relatively small.
While China’s ongoing capital flight is fueling an immediate and substantial decline in demand for US Treasuries, a more sustainable scenario would entail China’s transition to a managed
floating
exchange-rate regime with a deeper domestic financial market – and less emphasis on maintaining a credible war chest of foreign reserves.
The era of
floating
exchange rates that followed the end of the gold standard required the development of products that could protect international trade from price volatility.
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