Fixed
in sentence
1464 examples of Fixed in a sentence
The government mandates the range of investment strategies, which vary in terms of the share of equities and
fixed
income that companies may offer.
Caught between
fixed
costs (the hire and upkeep of their domestic appliances) and falling prices for their products, tens of thousands of families were doomed to become paupers.
Significant wind and solar usage reduces the number of hours gas and coal generation operates; with large
fixed
costs, this makes every kWh more expensive.
They can exchange interest-bearing government debt with
fixed
maturities held by private investors for the (currently) non-interest-bearing and never-payable Target book debt of their central banks – institutions that the Maastricht Treaty defines as limited liability companies, because member states do not have to recapitalize them when they are over-indebted.
However, before graduates flock to private equity, they should know that only the very big funds can use debt to skew returns for insiders in this way, primarily because only they can raise the capital needed to buy well-established companies that are rich in
fixed
assets, and thus in potential collateral.
Smaller private-equity funds typically buy into younger, smaller companies without such
fixed
assets, and the leverage in those deals is commensurately less.
As households and investors borrow cheaply to invest in rapidly appreciating housing and
fixed
assets, bubbles form and then burst, spurring crises.
Experience elsewhere suggests that once judges have been appointed, rules of procedure drafted and adopted, and the relationship with other international organs shaped, the system will become
fixed.
In 1979, when West Germany adopted a
fixed
exchange-rate regime with a support mechanism for its partners (the European Monetary System), the Bundesbank ensured that it was not committed to unlimited currency interventions and that it might stop when the stability of the Deutsche Mark was endangered.
So, in much of Asia, we have seen
fixed
exchange rates for the last decade or more, the maintenance of some exchange controls on capital flows, and a massive increase in foreign-exchange reserves.
So the idea that what the world needs now is more
fixed
rules will not do.
But at the margin, economic growth is heavily skewed toward exports and
fixed
investment as the primary means of absorbing surplus labor and spreading prosperity.
In a globalized world where instant communications drives economic success, Ghana a nation of 19 million people has only 250,000
fixed
phone lines.
Argentina abandoned its
fixed
exchange rate against the US dollar in 2001, and experienced rapid recovery after two bad quarters.
In Spain, banks have historically issued 30-year mortgages whose interest rates are indexed to interbank rates such as Euribor, with a small spread (often less than 100 basis points)
fixed
for the lifetime of the mortgage.
But countries have a right to opt for
fixed
exchange rates.
When a country reaches the point that it needs all its exports to service its national debt, and the size of the export sector is fixed, nothing is left to pay for imports.
Most credit bubbles this large have ended up causing a hard economic landing, and China’s economy is unlikely to escape unscathed, particularly as reforms to rebalance growth from high savings and
fixed
investment to private consumption are likely to be implemented too slowly, given the powerful interests aligned against them.
The weak recovery of
fixed
investment in advanced economies has also undermined trade, because investment goods involve more cross-border exchange than consumer goods do.
This apparent paradox is explained by a combination of high corporate saving and low levels of residential and non-residential
fixed
investment.
Larger networks and larger production lines over which to amortize high initial
fixed
costs will then generate cascading benefits.
An industry with high
fixed
costs and near_zero variable costs has another characteristic: it tends to monopolize.
Government help to segment the market, so that rich-country customers pay the
fixed
costs, while poor country customers pay close to the low marginal cost, may add to world welfare.
This pillar relies heavily on planning, large-scale
fixed
investment, and administrative controls, and its quality, scale, and relative efficiency were strategic to Chinese competitiveness and productivity.
Twenty years ago, in 1998, exchange rates among many countries in the European Union became irrevocably
fixed
in preparation for the introduction of the euro.
In recent years, Western investors have
fixed
their sights on emerging markets such as Brazil and China, leaving a funding gap for the pioneer markets of Africa.
This is an extreme example; but the closer a
fixed
interest rate gets to zero, and the longer the maturity becomes, the lower the burden of the stock of debt.
Although Greece’s public debt amounts to about 175% of GDP, low interest rates – which are
fixed
for a large proportion of it – and long maturities mean that it may be more manageable than it seems.
Imagine, for example, that Germany borrows at a 1%
fixed
real interest rate with a ten-year maturity and invests the proceeds in repairing domestic transport infrastructure.
There is an analogy to the problems countries faced when they tried to re-establish the gold standard after World War I. Until the war, money was backed by gold and could be redeemed at a
fixed
rate.
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