Fertilization
in sentence
51 examples of Fertilization in a sentence
Similarly, sexual cohabitation before
fertilization
may, according to recent research, generate an immunological response in women that markedly decreases health risks linked to pregnancy, such as hypertension and convulsive eclampsia.
In 2015, British lawmakers approved a form of germline modification known as “mitochondrial donation” – commonly referred to as “three-parent” in vitro
fertilization
(IVF).
One-third of irrigated land worldwide is not suitable for growing crops because of the presence of salt – the result of repeated
fertilization.
The birth of Louise Brown in 1978, and with her that of human in vitro
fertilization
(IVF), was a landmark in medical science.
For example, intracytoplasmic sperm injection is a technique in which a single viable sperm is injected into an egg, allowing
fertilization
to occur even in cases where few healthy sperm are available.
That is only fitting because it was in the UK that a new and problematical moral construct - the embryo in a dish - came into being in 1978, with the birth of the first "test tube" baby, Louise Brown, the product of in vitro
fertilization.
Most people approve of in vitro fertilization, but it is the technology that gives the infertile the chance to be parents that also poses moral questions.
Stem cells used in this research are best derived from very early stage embryos created by in vitro fertilization, but this leads to ethical dilemmas.
They concluded that it is ethically permissible to prepare stem cell lines from frozen embryos, but only from those obtained in the course of in vitro
fertilization
procedures and deemed by donors and their physician to be in excess of clinical requirements.
Indeed, from
fertilization
on, the environment in which the fertilized egg develops – for example, what the mother eats, whether she smokes or drinks alcohol, and whether she develops diseases or infections – places so-called epigenetic marks on the DNA or on the proteins surrounding it, affecting its function.
For example,
fertilization
of oceans with carbon-sequestering plankton was banned by the London Protocol on marine pollution in 2008.
No less remarkable than the latest discoveries was the timing of their announcement, which came on the eve of a vote in the United States Congress to expand federal funding for research on embryonic stem cells created during in vitro
fertilization
(but never implanted in a womb).
Both announcements also came a month ahead of an Italian referendum – the largest popular consultation on the matter ever held anywhere – that seeks to change a law adopted last year that prohibits both in vitro
fertilization
and stem cell research.
The largest study, conducted by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, includes temperature impacts, CO2 fertilization, and adaptation, and projects a 40.7% increase in grain production by 2050.
We could do much more good if we focused on allowing poor countries to use the benefits of extra CO2
fertilization
while adapting to the problems caused by higher temperatures.
But, while it is true that a genetic-engineering catastrophe will not overtake the entire human species anytime soon, existing genetic-engineering technologies already can harm individual children: witness the increase in premature births and low birth weights associated with in vitro
fertilization.
For example, scientists in Oregon recently observed abnormal
fertilization
in some of the human eggs that they had manipulated.
As with in vitro fertilization, the British appear to have been the first to devise a regulatory scheme for morally contentious technology.
This reflects a long history of the “postcode lottery” dictating access to health care and other services, from in vitro
fertilization
clinics to domestic violence shelters.
The trend among single women to have children, often using artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization, no doubt also disturbs supporters of the traditional family.
For the last 20 years, so-called pre-implantation genetic diagnosis – which screens embryos created through in vitro
fertilization
– has been enabling at-risk parents to have genetically related offspring who are unaffected by their genetic disorders.
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