Federal
in sentence
1805 examples of Federal in a sentence
For the time being, the alliance of
federal
forces and self-defense groups has the Knights Templar on the defensive.
Members of the
federal
government are driven by regional loyalties at some times, and by ideological commitments at other times; they all need to be negotiated when making decisions.
Perhaps the best place to start is with the speedy deterioration in America's
federal
budget in the past two years.
Between January and October 1987, the Fed pushed up the effective
federal
funds rate by nearly 100 basis points, making it more expensive to borrow and purchase shares.
This will involve difficult choices, delicate execution, and uncertain outcomes for both the
federal
government and the US
Federal
Reserve.
In fact, about $4.5 trillion of US
federal
debt is held by domestic investors, including retirees, pension funds, financial institutions, and insurance companies – groups whose considerable political clout ensures that no administration would risk allowing inflation to spin out of control.
A decade ago, the
federal
debt was just 35% of GDP.
Paying the interest requires higher
federal
taxes or a larger budget deficit.
Increased borrowing by the
federal
government also means crowding out the private sector.
Indeed, Public Citizen, a US consumer advocacy group, has calculated that, in the US alone, the pharmaceutical industry has paid out billions of dollars as a result of court judgments and financial settlements between pharmaceutical manufacturers and
federal
and state governments.
Today, that consensus is unraveling as America’s politicians wrestle with a
federal
budget that is itself turning into a long war – one with its own casualties.
In places like rural El Paso County, on the eastern plains of Colorado, far from the
federal
budget debate’s epicenter, spending cuts are the order of the day.
In the US, by contrast, people in high-unemployment Michigan move to, say, Texas, where jobs are plentiful, even as the
federal
tax and transfer system automatically shifts money in the opposite direction, cushioning the local downturn.
In the US, long-term erosion of trust in the
federal
government culminated in Donald Trump’s victory in November’s presidential election: even though President Barack Obama enjoyed high public approval, only 19% of Americans trusted the
federal
government to do what is right.
Given traditional Republican priorities, reflected in President-elect Trump’s cabinet choices,
federal
government programs (with the notable exception of the military) are likely to be slashed.
But the major social and economic challenges addressed by
federal
programs will not disappear.
Indeed, the answer to Trumpism is “progressive federalism”: the pursuit of progressive policy goals using the substantial authority delegated to subnational governments in the US
federal
system.
Welfare-to-work programs in Michigan and Wisconsin served as the model for
federal
welfare reform under President Bill Clinton, and Obamacare is based on Massachusetts’ health-care system, introduced under Republican Governor Mitt Romney.
To promote state and local policy innovation, the
federal
government often assumes the role of venture capitalist, providing measurable goals and incentives, rather than dictating solutions.
Obama championed this approach through statewide competitions like the Department of Education’s Race to the Top program, through
federal
“social innovation grants” to support state and local governments, and through the Medicaid expansion program.
Similarly, it has been at the vanguard of environmental protection and efforts to combat climate change – from setting tough standards for energy consumption and auto emissions (adopted as
federal
law in 2016), to pioneering a carbon-pricing system.
Governor Jerry Brown recently promised that if the Trump administration cuts
federal
funding for satellites needed to collect climate data, California would “launch its own damn satellite.”
California can also be a leader of progressive resistance or “uncooperative federalism,” by refusing to carry out
federal
policies that it opposes.
Many cities in California and the state itself already act as “sanctuary jurisdictions,” which protect undocumented immigrants from deportation by limiting cooperation with
federal
authorities.
By law, immigration enforcement is the
federal
government’s responsibility; in practice, it lacks adequate resources.
The massive spending and personnel cuts promised by Trump will exacerbate the shortfall, forcing the
federal
government to rely even more on state and local authorities to do much of the work.
Trump has already threatened to cut
federal
funding to sanctuary jurisdictions.
But such pressure tactics have been rendered more difficult by a recent Supreme Court decision limiting the use of conditional spending by the
federal
government to “coerce” state officials into implementing
federal
policies.
This is not new: US
federal
legislation has long mandated a complete cutoff of American financing to any United Nations agency in which Palestine is a full member.
For example, when initial reports surfaced about the first swine flu cases, it took three weeks for the information to reach
federal
health authorities, because state governments were reluctant to report cases quickly due to political and electoral considerations.
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