Expansion
in sentence
1789 examples of Expansion in a sentence
For many advanced countries,
expansion
of markets for new goods and services facilitates - and has been facilitated by - imports from low-wage countries.
Structural BoomsWhy are there economic booms and busts, those long swings between
expansion
and slowdown?
In recent research I conducted with Gylfi Zoega, we hypothesised that such shifts in expectations, and thus in future economic expansion, can be detected in advance from tell-tale shifts in the stock markets.
This includes, for example, the
expansion
of microcredit – an approach that has already enabled women in many countries to become entrepreneurs.
We know that extremely low real interest rates produce massive
expansion
of credit.
Indeed, the accelerating
expansion
of deserts will likely lead to a decrease of agricultural yields from the surrounding areas, acute deterioration of the availability of water, and possibly to further conflicts and displacement of people.
Many of China’s neighbors fear that its ongoing economic and military
expansion
poses a growing threat to their interests and independence, and are reaching out to the US to diversify their security partnerships and hedge their bets on China’s benign intentions.
Another year of growth will match the record ten-year
expansion
of the 1990s.
But with the US now undertaking its most radically pro-cyclical fiscal
expansion
since the late 1960s, and perhaps since World War II, the Congressional Budget Office projects that the federal government’s fast-growing deficit will exceed $1 trillion this year.
In 2003-2007, the US government pursued fiscal
expansion
and financial deregulation – an approach that, even at the time, was recognized as likely to constrain the government’s ability to respond to a recession.
Today, massive investments in critical infrastructure, industrial expansion, and urban development – vital to accommodate an expanding global population, set to reach nine billion by 2050 – are being made without adequate regard for disaster risk.
India also offers important experience in agricultural expansion, clean water management, and confronting the growing threat of climate change.
After a period of massive
expansion
during which the financial services sector nearly doubled in size, some retrenchment is natural and normal.
But above all, pressures from a biotechnology industry that stands to profit from the proliferation of tests drives the
expansion
of genetic testing.
Market liberalization and trade
expansion
lifted millions out of poverty in the 1990's, particularly in China and India.
What many analysts still see as a temporary bubble, pumped up by artificial and unsustainable monetary stimulus, is maturing into a structural
expansion
of economic activity, profits, and employment that probably has many more years to run.
A second reason for confidence is that the financial impact of zero interest rates and the vast
expansion
of central bank money known as “quantitative easing” (QE) are now much better understood than they were when introduced following the 2008 crisis.
As a result, business cycles and monetary policy are less synchronized than in any previous global
expansion.
While the Fed is raising interest rates, Europe and Japan are planning to keep theirs near zero at least until the end of the decade, which will moderate the negative effects of US monetary tightening on asset markets around the world, while European unemployment and Asian overcapacity will delay the upward pressure on prices normally created by a coordinated global
expansion.
Even some of our most well-meaning environmental efforts, such as the fight against climate change, have led to the
expansion
of the human presence into previously untouched wilderness.
From November 2008 to November 2014, successive QE programs added $3.6 trillion to the Fed’s balance sheet, nearly 25% more than the $2.9 trillion
expansion
of nominal GDP over the same period.
The excess liquidity spawned by the Fed’s balance-sheet
expansion
not only spilled over into equity markets, but also provided support for the bond market.
But simply choosing between
expansion
and austerity is not the whole story.
But the EU cannot realize this scenario as easily as the US can, because micro-level rules in the EU generate friction that slows that kind of an
expansion.
Rules that impede business start-ups may be an even more important obstacle to making monetary
expansion
effective.
Magda Bianco, Silvia Giacomelli, and Giacomo Rodano, researchers at the Bank of Italy, report that these institutional roadblocks to
expansion
remain substantial in Italy.
Frankly, although I do not see the five-year-old global
expansion
coming to an end yet, there is no question that risks are on the rise, with output in the United States having slowed sharply in the third quarter, and central banks’ hands tied by inflation risks.
And now the number of immigrants is increasing again, reflecting chronic turmoil in the Middle East and elsewhere, as well as Europe’s increasingly turbulent and dangerous neighborhood, largely owing to Russian revisionism and military
expansion.
In the best of scenarios, what will happen is likely to fall short of the major short-run fiscal
expansion
Europe needs.
Even skeptics of NATO
expansion
and operations like the intervention in Libya now recognize that joint operations by member countries, operating under a UN mandate and in conjunction with regional partners, is likely to be a model for the future.
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