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Downward in sentence

624 examples of Downward in a sentence

For two decades prior to the 2008 crisis, employment levels were maintained – and downward pressure on incomes mitigated – by creating jobs in non-tradable sectors.
Above all, it means that expectations are broadly inconsistent with reality, and need to adjust, in some cases downward.
And with current economic prospects bleak, especially given low commodity prices, and insistence on fiscal austerity continuing in most places, downward pressure on rural incomes is likely to worsen.
Instead, it must implement reforms that boost productivity and offset downward pressure on growth.
Worse, instead of establishing renewed economic momentum, the growth rate fell in the second quarter of 2013 and all major forecasters are now revising their projections of full-year growth downward.
In the face of downward nominal-wage rigidity, higher inflation would facilitate sectoral adjustment and achieve a small but useful impact on reducing debt burdens.
Can the summit reverse the downward spiral in US-China relations that began with Xi’s accession to power in 2013?
Ireland’s recent experience establishes an encouraging precedent for reversing this kind of downward spiral.
He dismissed most of Keynes’s attack on the orthodox economics of his day as unnecessary, writing “had Keynes [started] with the simple statement that he found it realistic to assume that money wages…were sticky and resistant to downward movements...most of his insights would have remained just as valid.”
The resulting data showed Chinese prices to be 40% higher than previously thought;Chinese living standards were then revised downward by roughly the same proportion.
But, after the World Bank revised China’s GDP in PPP terms downward by 40%, that undervaluation disappeared.
The European Central Bank’s low inflation target (2%) renders it virtually impossible, as it implies requisite downward adjustment in wages and prices of 10% or more.
Slower growth means less revenue, and a faster downward spiral.
Indeed, the menace that now confronts us is not public debt or inflation, but a downward economic spiral that will be increasingly difficult to reverse.
One route leads to further integration, while the other implies a return to national sovereignty; navigating the former will require great effort, whereas the latter is a relatively straight downward path.
America is still on a downward trajectory for 2009 – with grave consequences for the world as a whole.
This downward pressure on prices has allowed Western central banks to follow expansionary monetary policies, underpinning higher employment and growth.
In the next few months, the macroeconomic news and earnings/profits reports from around the world will be much worse than expected, putting further downward pressure on prices of risky assets, because equity analysts are still deluding themselves that the economic contraction will be mild and short.
But that is not money that America’s poor can spend, so some downward adjustment should be applied.
As long as interest rates remain low, there is no downward pressure on public investment.
If workers displaced by automation are unable to find new jobs quickly, frictional unemployment will rise, putting downward pressure on wages.
But rising wages – partly the result of mandated minimum-wage increases in some regions – are boosting household incomes, and there is already some evidence that the downward trend in consumption’s share of GDP has reversed.
As the stock market dives, they receive margin calls and are being forced to sell their shares at ever-lower prices, causing the stock market’s downward spiral to accelerate.
In a deflationary environment, this means that real interest rates - that are all that matter for economic stimulus - can not be pushed as low as might be necessary to boost demand and stem downward pressure on prices.
This has undoubtedly contributed to downward pressure on household earnings in the middle-income range of the economy’s large non-tradable side.
When, after the eight catastrophic years of George W. Bush’s presidency, Barack Obama entered the White House, it seemed for a moment as if America might be able to arrest its downward slide.
After all, according to conventional wisdom, global competition moves jobs to low-cost countries and puts downward pressure on wages everywhere else.
We must bring this downward spiral to a halt.
Growth estimates since the 2008 crisis have been revised downward several times.
As it stands, almost all Asian currencies, including the yen and the renminbi, are under downward pressure; indeed, both the Bank of Japan and the People’s Bank of China have taken steps to try to curb that depreciation, with little impact.
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