Currencies
in sentence
1239 examples of Currencies in a sentence
The ideal exchange rate for India is neither strong nor weak; it is the “Goldilocks rate” produced by market forces, with the RBI focusing on attracting long-term capital inflows and intervening only to maintain orderly movement of the rupee versus other
currencies.
The rise of the Deutsche Mark and the
currencies
in neighboring countries during the foreign exchange market upheavals of recent years made this problem even more painful.
Suddenly, an informal exchange rate between the two
currencies
emerges.
But an unintended consequence was the formalization of two parallel (euro-denominated)
currencies.
The reality of Greece’s two
currencies
is the most vivid demonstration yet of the fragmentation of Europe’s monetary “union.”
Small economies closely integrated with their trading partners might set exchange rate targets, or fix their exchange rate to the
currencies
of their trading partners, but large and relatively closed economies like the US, EU, and Japan, do better to focus on their own business conditions, letting markets determine the exchange rate.
Most sober analysts have long been projecting a steady trend decline in the dollar against the
currencies
of America’s trading partners, especially in Asia and emerging markets.
Foreign investors are already reshuffling their portfolios, moving into euros, pounds, and even emerging-market
currencies
like the Brazilian real and the South African rand.
Back in 1997, many Asians thought that the speculative attacks then being mounted on Asian
currencies
were unjustified, with Malaysia’s Prime Minister Mohamad Mahathir leading the charge against speculators.
Many gold buyers want a hedge against the risk of inflation or possible declines in the value of the dollar or other
currencies.
First, franc-zone countries could issue their own
currencies
– a radical approach that would face serious obstacles.
This would entail pegging the& CFA& franc& not only& to the& euro,& but also to a basket of other& currencies, abolishing the fixed exchange rate and the CFA franc’s convertibility, and fast-tracking economic integration.
Once investors began to move their assets into more stable currencies, the local currency would depreciate and bond prices would collapse.
With more key
currencies
in place, the perspective of a truly multipolar currency system comes in sight, with an increased role for the SDR.
It has an agreement with Brazil to facilitate use of the two countries’
currencies
in bilateral trade transactions.
For the same reasons that the global economy has become more multipolar, the international monetary system will become more multipolar, with several
currencies
sharing reserve-currency status.
In principle, the IMF is supposed to press countries with undervalued exchange rates to let their
currencies
appreciate.
In practice, this means fervent efforts to prevent their
currencies
from appreciating in value.
First, most emerging markets feel their
currencies
pressed to appreciate by growing capital inflows.
Countries that run chronic external surpluses, like China, and countries whose
currencies
are widely used internationally, like the US, do not face the same pressure as other countries to correct their policies when economic imbalances arise.
The existence of alternatives to the dollar will mean that the issuers of internationally used
currencies
will feel market discipline earlier and more consistently.
The really large
currencies
– the dollar, the euro, and the yen – were never managed explicitly or solely on this principle.
After all, the US is set to raise interest rates, and the dollar has appreciated against virtually all of the world’s
currencies.
The SDR has been in the news again lately, owing to debate about whether the IMF should add the Chinese renminbi to the basket of
currencies
that determine the unit’s value.
Never mind that most of the crises could have been avoided, or late least substantially mitigated, if governments had let their
currencies
float against the dollar, rather than adopting rigid exchange-rate pegs.
Meanwhile, the external value of the dollar appreciated against most other
currencies.
Even so, European countries could not ward off the interest-rate increase without risking an even greater depreciation of their own
currencies.
The emerging currency crises in Argentina and Turkey are linked to rapid exchange-rate depreciation and loans in foreign
currencies
that are becoming increasingly difficult to service – just like in 1982, when both countries also encountered serious difficulties.
Southern Europe, which did not borrow in foreign
currencies
(but has close financial links with Turkey), will likely face difficulties in coping with higher interest rates, which is why the ECB would prefer further euro depreciation to interest increases.
The leadership of a European managing director probably facilitated the IMF’s decision late last year to add China’s renminbi to the basket of
currencies
underpinning its Special Drawing Rights.
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