Consumption
in sentence
2633 examples of Consumption in a sentence
But, with
consumption
accounting for 35% of national income (compared to 70% in the US!), there is vast room to grow.
The US desperately needs comprehensive tax reform, ideally a progressive tax on
consumption.
But, as the conservative author David Frum notes, over the last two decades, the US has experienced a swift decline in crime, auto fatalities, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which cause acid rain – all while leading an Internet revolution.
China’s 7% growth target, while subject to a number of challenges, is based on maintaining private
consumption
growth of around 8% (while recognizing that exports and investment will not grow as strongly as before), thereby allowing the
consumption
share of GDP to rise.
In poor countries, by contrast, powerful vested interests often resist higher taxes on the wealthy, and widespread poverty makes it difficult to impose universal
consumption
taxes on the poor.
Sometimes these were simply
consumption
booms – whether for households or for military outlays and presidential palaces – and sometimes they were investment booms, though much of the investment had been misallocated as a result of political priorities.
It must be sustainable: growth based on environmental degradation, a debt-financed
consumption
binge, or the exploitation of scarce natural resources, without reinvesting the proceeds, is not sustainable.
And low-income economies are suffering from higher food and fuel prices, which feature heavily in households’
consumption
baskets.
If Xi’s administration is successful – a big if – its reforms may enable China to negotiate the necessary transition from an economy driven by exports and government investment to a more sustainable growth model based on domestic
consumption.
China’s Vicious Growth CircleLONDON – Most economists have a reason to be worried about China’s economy – whether it be low
consumption
and large external surpluses, industrial overcapacity, environmental degradation, or government interventions like capital controls or financial repression.
With about 80% of Chinese household savings deposited in banks, this implicit tax on savings has had a major economic impact, reinforcing Chinese households’ tendency to save and thus undermining
consumption
growth and exacerbating global imbalances.
Data from the US – rising unemployment, falling household consumption, still declining industrial production, and a weak housing market – suggest that America’s recession is not over yet.
The first reason is likely to create a long-term drag on growth: households need to deleverage and save more, which will constrain
consumption
for years.
Lack of robust credit growth will hamper private
consumption
and investment spending.
Domestic private demand, especially consumption, is now weak or falling in over-spending countries (the US, the United Kingdom, Spain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, etc.), while not increasing fast enough in over-saving countries (China, Asia, Germany, Japan, etc.) to compensate for the reduction in these countries’ net exports.
With very low interest rates reducing the rate of accumulation of pension assets, all but the wealthiest households will probably have to boost savings and/or reduce consumption, now and in the future.
Though Western
consumption
rates are now stagnating and even declining in some regions, they remain far higher than in most other regions in the world.
With expanded meat consumption, soybean production alone would nearly double, implying a proportional increase in the use of inputs like land, fertilizer, pesticides, and water.
For starters, excessively high levels of meat and dairy
consumption
are contributing to nutrition-related health problems like obesity and cardiovascular disease.
As emerging-economy middle classes grow, it is vital to recognize that existing Western models of meat production and
consumption
do not provide a sound blueprint for the future.
In a recent book, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, the economist Thomas Piketty highlights the phenomenon of “meritocratic extremism” – the culmination of a century-long passage from the old inequality, characterized by inherited wealth and discreet lifestyles, to the new inequality, with its outsize bonuses and conspicuous
consumption.
Water
consumption
also must be addressed.
Without action, the economy faces the threat of declining
consumption
and even shrinking output.
Some within the Chinese Communist Party leadership will support plans to engineer a shift from export-led growth to a model based on domestic
consumption.
Similarly, it has been at the vanguard of environmental protection and efforts to combat climate change – from setting tough standards for energy
consumption
and auto emissions (adopted as federal law in 2016), to pioneering a carbon-pricing system.
Indeed, the impact of real exchange-rate depreciation on growth is likely to be short-lived unless increased corporate profits in the export sector lead to higher household
consumption
and investment.
The hard part of fully realizing potential growth is shifting the composition of domestic demand from
consumption
to investment without adding leverage.
That means paying for it on the public-sector side, via taxes and a reduction in household
consumption
(and in wealth accumulation).
Meanwhile, the government’s policies to tackle corruption, overcapacity, excess local-government debt, and pollution have put downward pressure on investment, consumption, and the government’s capacity to deliver its promised growth rate.
If stock prices can be sustained, the implications for consumption, liquidity, and leverage will be profound.
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