Coal
in sentence
1278 examples of Coal in a sentence
As for jobs,
coal
mining is becoming so automated that the entire sector employs just a few tens of thousands of workers in a labor force of more than 150 million.
Nor can they be considered the first tentative steps towards such a shared destiny, in the manner of the 1952 European
Coal
and Steel Community Treaty, which began the project for European unity.
Even the
coal
industry adopted the efficiency line in its Warsaw Communiqué, released ahead of the UN’s COP19 summit last November.
The US used to generate about half its electricity from coal, and roughly 20% from gas.
David Victor, an energy expert at the University of California, San Diego, estimates that the shift from
coal
to natural gas has reduced US emissions by 400-500 megatonnes (Mt) of CO2 per year.
Along with the closure of German nuclear power stations, this has led, ironically, to a resurgence of
coal.
Natural gas is much more environmentally friendly than coal, which continues to be the mainstay of electricity production around the world and in the UK.
If the UK sold its shale gas both domestically and abroad to replace coal, it could reduce local air pollution significantly and reduce global carbon emissions by 170Mt, or more than a third of UK carbon emissions.
But even much higher supplies of wind power would improve security only marginally, because the UK would still have to import just as much oil (wind replaces mostly coal, rarely oil) and much of its gas, leaving it dependent on Russia.
They could start by closing down the dirtiest form of energy production, coal-fired power stations, and refuse licenses to develop new
coal
mines.
And China – long the world’s largest oil, gas, and
coal
importer and leading carbon emitter – became the world’s largest manufacturer and exporter of solar panels.
This recent growth has been fueled by a strong boom in commodity prices, including not only energy inputs such as oil, gas and coal, but also metals, minerals, and agricultural products.
Similarly, as large mining projects stalled, India had to resort to higher imports of
coal
and scrap iron, while its exports of iron ore dwindled.
Obviously, the fossil-fuel sector would shrink by 2020 as the energy system decarbonizes, with
coal
being partly displaced by lower-carbon fuels, mainly gas and renewables (carbon capture and storage and nuclear power cannot make much of a difference by 2020).
All countries are concerned about security of energy supplies as reserves of fossil fuels dwindle, as well as about the sometimes wild fluctuations in the price of oil, coal, and gas.
An additional $14 trillion should allocated to renewable or nuclear energy, or to buildings and transport systems to deliver improvements in energy efficiency, offset by a decline of more than $6 trillion in investment in oil, gas, and
coal
production.
And lower investment would be matched by a decline in cumulative fossil-fuel revenues amounting to as much as $34 trillion more than under the IEA’s “new policies” scenario, owing not only to lower volumes of oil, gas, and
coal
consumed, but also to significantly lower prices.
Lower oil, coal, and gas prices would reduce incentives to develop and deploy renewable energy technologies, or to improve energy efficiency.
Gas and
coal
prices have followed a similar pattern.
And shale gas emits CO2 when burned, even though it has half the carbon content of
coal
and has played a significant role in cutting US carbon emissions to mid-1990’s levels.
The Brexit vote is a canary in the
coal
mine for Europe’s economic policy makers.
He is determined to eliminate environmental protections as well: one of his first major actions was to eliminate a rule restricting
coal
companies from dumping mining waste into streams.
As a result, long-term adversaries like France and Germany were reconciled within a region-wide project – first a
coal
and steel community, which expanded to become the European Economic Community and, ultimately, the European Union – that integrated the continent politically and economically to such an extent that violent conflict was rendered unthinkable.
Even democratic governments – such as those of Australia, Canada, and India – have resorted to claims that protests are externally controlled in order to discredit local resistance to, say, oil pipelines or
coal
mines that are supposed to generate profits and growth.
For Germany, this will leave a gap that it cannot fill with alternative energy sources, leaving it little choice but to rely more heavily on
coal
power.
We see
coal
as a polluting but reasonably “safe” energy source compared to nuclear energy.
Yet, in China alone, coal-mining accidents kill more than 2,000 people each year – and
coal
is a leading cause of smog, acid rain, global warming, and air toxicity.
Decommissioning nuclear reactors may make us feel safer, but we should acknowledge that this will often mean compensating for the lost output with more reliance on coal, meaning more emissions that contribute to global warming, and more deaths, both from
coal
extraction and air pollution.
At protests calling on politicians to respond to climate change, a cry has rung out: “No coal, no gas, no nukes, no kidding!”
The harsh reality – thrown into stark relief by the Japanese disaster – is that we do not yet have the luxury of dumping coal, gas, and nuclear power.
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