Cells
in sentence
1993 examples of Cells in a sentence
This is a bee egg as it hatches into a larva, and those newly hatched larvae swim around their
cells
feeding on this white goo that nurse bees secrete for them.
Here's that same pupation process, and you can actually see the mites running around in the
cells.
The viral particles then were released from the
cells
and came back and killed the E. coli.
But the only way we think that biology can have a major impact without further increasing the cost of food and limiting its availability is if we start with CO2 as its feedstock, and so we're working with designing
cells
to go down this road.
So we were essentially mapping the microcircuitry of the brain: which
cells
are communicating with which cells, with which chemicals, and then in what quantities of those chemicals?
One of the main challenges of understanding terrorism nowadays is that we are dealing with decentralized, independent cells, where there's no leader leading the whole process.
When looking at materials that are currently being tested for their abilities to help regrow muscle, our team noticed that after treating an injured muscle with these materials, there was a large number of immune
cells
in that material and the surrounding muscle.
So in this case, instead of the immune
cells
rushing off towards infection to fight bacteria, they're rushing toward an injury.
So if we don't have these helper T cells, instead of healthy muscle, our muscle develops fat
cells
inside of it, and if there's fat in our muscle, it isn't as strong.
So when I place that material, or scaffold, in the body, the immune system creates a small environment of
cells
and proteins that can change the way that our stem
cells
behave.
Now, just like the weather affects our daily activities, like going for a run or staying inside and binge-watching an entire TV show on Netflix, the immune environment of a scaffold affects the way that our stem
cells
grow and develop.
If we have the wrong signals, say the Netflix signals, we get fat
cells
instead of muscle.
So in other words, we can orchestrate this Broadway show of
cells
by giving them the correct stage, cues and props that can be changed for different tissues, just like a producer would change the set for "Les Mis" versus "Little Shop of Horrors."
Well, it means that just as the English language is made up of alphabetic letters that, when combined into words, allow me to tell you the story I'm going to tell you today, DNA is made up of genetic letters that, when combined into genes, allow
cells
to produce proteins, strings of amino acids that fold up into complex structures that perform the functions that allow a cell to do what it does, to tell its stories.
The next thing we needed to do was find a way to get X and Y into cells, and eventually we found that a protein that does something similar in algae worked in our bacteria.
So the final thing that we needed to do was to show that with X and Y provided,
cells
could grow and divide and hold on to X and Y in their DNA.
The first is to get the
cells
to make proteins for us, for our use.
But the problem is that proteins are really hard to make and the only practical way to get them is to get
cells
to make them for you.
So of course, with natural cells, you can only get them to make proteins with the natural amino acids, and so the properties those proteins can have, the applications they could be developed for, must be limited by the nature of those amino acids that the protein's built from.
Synthorx is working closely with my lab, and they're interested in a protein that recognizes a certain receptor on the surface of human
cells.
But the problem is that it also recognizes another receptor on the surface of those same cells, and that makes it toxic.
So getting our semisynthetic
cells
to act as little factories to produce better protein drugs isn't the only potentially really interesting application, because remember, it's the proteins that allow
cells
to do what they do.
So if we have
cells
that make new proteins with new functions, could we get them to do things that natural
cells
can't do?
For example, could we develop semisynthetic organisms that when injected into a person, seek out cancer
cells
and only when they find them, secrete a toxic protein that kills them?
But all the motivations that we just talked about require
cells
to use X and Y to make proteins, so we started working on that.
Within a couple years, we showed that the
cells
could take DNA with X and Y and copy it into RNA, the working copy of DNA.
These
cells
are green because they're making a protein that glows green.
These
cells
are living and growing and making protein with a six-letter alphabet.
My lab is already working on expanding the genetic alphabet of other cells, including human cells, and we're getting ready to start working on more complex organisms.
However, upon discontinuation of therapy, the virus can awake and infect new
cells
in the blood.
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