Cells in sentence

1993 examples of Cells in a sentence

Now to do that, first we need to trick brain cells to respond to laser beams.

Optogenetics gave us this light switch that we can use to turn brain cells on or off, and the name of that switch is channelrhodopsin, seen here as these green dots attached to this brain cell.

You can think of channelrhodopsin as a sort of light-sensitive switch that can be artificially installed in brain cells so that now we can use that switch to activate or inactivate the brain cell simply by clicking it, and in this case we click it on with pulses of light.

So whenever a memory is being formed, any active cell for that particular memory will also have this light-sensitive switch installed in it so that we can control these cells by the flipping of a laser just like this one you see.

Now with our system, the cells that are active in the hippocampus in the making of this memory, only those cells will now contain channelrhodopsin.

Rather than finding a fear memory in the brain, we can start by taking our animals, and let's say we put them in a blue box like this blue box here and we find the brain cells that represent that blue box and we trick them to respond to pulses of light exactly like we had said before.

SR: For example, one group in our lab was able to find the brain cells that make up a fear memory and converted them into a pleasurable memory, just like that.

Your heart has receptors for this hormone, and oxytocin helps heart cells regenerate and heal from any stress-induced damage.

This is biofabrication, where cells themselves can be used to grow biological products like tissues and organs.

To grow leather, we begin by taking cells from an animal, through a simple biopsy.

We then isolate the skin cells and multiply them in a cell culture medium.

This takes millions of cells and expands them into billions.

And we then coax these cells to produce collagen, as they would naturally.

This collagen is the stuff between cells.

And what we next do is we take the cells and their collagen and we spread them out to form sheets, and then we layer these thin sheets on top of one another, like phyllo pastry, to form thicker sheets, which we then let mature.

It can have all the characteristics of leather because it is made of the same cells, and better yet, there is no hair to remove, no scars or insect's bites, and no waste.

I mean, you have 100 billion nerve cells, little wisps of protoplasm, interacting with each other, and from this activity emerges the whole spectrum of abilities that we call human nature and human consciousness.

We have cells there, typically from the patient.

But one of the things that's really important when we're thinking about stem cells is that obviously stem cells can be many different things, and they want to be many different things, and so we want to make sure that the environment we put them into has enough information so that they can become the right sort of specialist tissue.

We got rid of the need to harvest cells from the patient, we got rid of the need to put in really fancy chemistries, and we got rid of the need to culture these scaffolds in the lab.

So what we do is, in humans, we all have a layer of stem cells on the outside of our long bones.

And that layer is actually normally very, very tightly bound to the underlying bone, and it's got stem cells in it.

Those stem cells are really important in the embryo when it develops, and they also sort of wake up if you have a fracture to help you with repairing the bone.

So it creates, in essence, an artificial cavity that is right next to both the bone but also this really rich layer of stem cells.

And we go in through a pinhole incision so that no other cells from the body can get in, and what happens is that that artificial in vivo bioreactor cavity can then lead to the proliferation of these stem cells, and they can form lots of new tissue, and then over time, you can harvest that tissue and use it elsewhere in the body.

And actually we know that those cells in the body, in the embryo, as they develop can form a different kind of tissue, cartilage, and so we developed a gel that was slightly different in nature and slightly different chemistry, put it in there, and we were able to get 100 percent cartilage instead.

But we want to make them have enough information that we can get the cells to do what we want, but not be so complex as to make it difficult to get to clinic.

And if we zoom in again, we see that the cells are actually surrounded by a 3D matrix of nano-scale fibers, and they give a lot of information to the cells.

And if we zoom in again, actually in the case of bone, the matrix around the cells is beautifully organized at the nano scale, and it's a hybrid material that's part organic, part inorganic.

But the pores are actually oftentimes much bigger than the cells, and so even though it's 3D, the cell might see it more as a slightly curved surface, and that's a little bit unnatural.

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