Cells
in sentence
1993 examples of Cells in a sentence
They're a lot like embryonic stem
cells
except without the controversy.
We induce cells, okay, say, skin cells, by adding a few genes to them, culturing them, and then harvesting them.
So they're skin
cells
that can be tricked, kind of like cellular amnesia, into an embryonic state.
Cool thing number two, you can grow any type of tissue out of them: brain, heart, liver, you get the picture, but out of your
cells.
But another thing about these induced pluripotent stem
cells
is that if we take some skin cells, let's say, from people with a genetic disease and we engineer tissues out of them, we can actually use tissue-engineering techniques to generate models of those diseases in the lab.
He generated neurons from these induced pluripotent stem
cells
from patients who have Lou Gehrig's Disease, and he differentiated them into neurons, and what's amazing is that these neurons also show symptoms of the disease.
This is another example of patient-specific stem
cells
that were engineered from someone with retinitis pigmentosa.
It's a disease that runs in my family, and we really hope that
cells
like these will help us find a cure.
This is an example from Karen Burg's lab, where they're using inkjet technologies to print breast cancer
cells
and study its progressions and treatments.
Just to give you a few examples: "ending a pregnancy" versus "killing a fetus;" "a ball of
cells"
versus "an unborn child;" "invading Iraq" versus "liberating Iraq;" "redistributing wealth" versus "confiscating earnings."
We thought that maybe nitric oxide affected cell death, and how
cells
survive, and their resistance to other things.
So now we have a whole extended bacteria family, filled with virus sleeper
cells.
It takes control of these cells, turns them into virus-making factories, and they all burst, a huge, extended bacteria family, all dying with viruses spilling out of their guts, the viruses taking over the bacterium.
So now you understand how viruses can attack
cells.
There are two ways: On the left is what we call the lytic way, where the viruses go right in and take over the
cells.
I explain chemical equilibrium using analogies to awkward middle school dances, and I talk about fuel
cells
with stories about boys and girls at a summer camp.
But perhaps for me the core bit going into the future is this idea of taking your own stem cells, with your genes and your environment, and you print your own personal medicine.
I always tell the students that we could also call neuroscientists some sort of astronomer, because we are dealing with a system that is only comparable in terms of number of
cells
to the number of galaxies that we have in the universe.
So when we look at the brains of these animals, on the top panel you see the alignment of 125
cells
showing what happens with the brain activity, the electrical storms, of this sample of neurons in the brain when the animal is using a joystick.
The basic alignment shows that these
cells
are coding for all possible directions.
You select one set of
cells
to perform one sort of behavior, another neuromodulator, another set of cells, a different pattern, and you can imagine you could extrapolate to a very, very complicated system.
And one of the lessons we've been learning is that the physiology of
cells
that we've been studying for many years in quiescent flies is not the same as the physiology of those
cells
when the flies actually engage in active behaviors like flying and walking and so forth.
Now, when it's frozen that deep, minus 196 degrees Celsius, the
cells
are intact and the DNA is intact.
They're basically viable cells, so someone like Bob Lanza at Advanced Cell Technology took some of that tissue from an endangered animal called the Javan banteng, put it in a cow, the cow went to term, and what was born was a live, healthy baby Javan banteng, who thrived and is still alive.
The most exciting thing for Bob Lanza is the ability now to take any kind of cell with induced pluripotent stem
cells
and turn it into germ cells, like sperm and eggs.
So he'll take, say, falcon skin cells, fibroblast, turn it into induced pluripotent stem
cells.
Suppose we could do this instead on human
cells.
So what if you used those
cells
as your test for whether a drug is going to work and whether it's going to be safe?
This is something created by the Wyss Institute in Boston, and what they have done here, if we can run the little video, is to take
cells
from an individual, turn them into the kinds of
cells
that are present in the lung, and determine what would happen if you added to this various drug compounds to see if they are toxic or safe.
And it has
cells
in between that allow you to see what happens when you add a compound.
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