Example collocations logo

Aggregate in sentence

821 examples of Aggregate in a sentence

But falling core inflation (which excludes volatile energy and food prices) also points to weak aggregate demand.
This reflects the aftermath of wrenching balance-sheet recessions, in which aggregate demand, artificially propped up by asset-price bubbles, collapsed when the bubbles burst, leading to chronic impairment of overleveraged, asset-dependent consumers (America) and businesses (Japan).
For the richest 10% of people in India the income gain from aggregate economic growth tends to be about four times higher than the gain to the poorest 20%; in Brazil it tends to be almost 20 times higher.
As aggregate demand conditions improved, firms responded by using this excess capacity, reducing capital expenditures and slowing their pace of hiring.
Third, whereas the plan’s contractionary policies push the economy below the Board’s baseline GNP estimates, a number of structural reforms, mostly meant to affect aggregate supply, allegedly push it above.
Other measures, such as cutting funding for public education, are likely to reduce demand now and lower aggregate supply over the long run.
Indeed, there is a growing body of persuasive evidence (for example, recent work by Alan Taylor and Moritz Schularick) that the aggregate level of leverage in the real economy – private sector as much as public – is a crucial macroeconomic variable.
But the experience of Japan over the last 20 years shows that without moderately positive nominal GDP growth, aggregate leverage (private and public combined) tends to increase relentlessly.
Likewise, Manyika and Baily argue that the much-discussed “Internet of Things” is probably some years away from showing up in aggregate productivity data.
These transitions will be lengthy, rewarding some and forcing difficult adjustments on others, and their productivity effects will not appear in aggregate data for some time.
A country’s aggregate income is measured in a similar way.
Accumulating excessive debt usually entails moving some part of domestic aggregate demand forward in time, so the exit from that debt must include more savings and diminished demand.
Debt drove growth, creating aggregate demand that would not have existed otherwise.
But it also depends on the ability and willingness of government to provide a bridging function for the deficiency in aggregate demand, and to pursue reforms and investments that boost long-term growth prospects.
The largest component of US aggregate demand – the consumer – is on ice.
And, yes, this includes Italy, which, despite its high public debt, is running a current-account surplus at the aggregate level.
In fact, the currency’s supply is limited by clever software algorithms, supported by huge quantities of computing power, which have enabled Bitcoin’s creators to achieve a previously impossible trinity: decentralized “mining,” collectively limited aggregate supply, and anonymity.
China has countered that its historic and per capita emissions remain well below US levels, and that to cap aggregate national emissions at the same level as the US would imply a personal carbon budget in San Francisco five times greater than in Shanghai.
But those policies almost always reduced aggregate demand, pushed the economy into a deeper slump, and further undermined confidence – most recently when the International Monetary Fund insisted on them in East Asia in the 1990’s.
They are more focused on paying down massive debt overhangs built up before the crisis than on assuming new debt and boosting aggregate demand.
In particular, the African model appears to be underpinned by positive aggregate demand shocks generated either by transfers from abroad or by productivity growth in agriculture.
It is also true that aggregate economic data can and do obscure more localized problems.
The global economy, despite all of the huge bumps in the road, is delivering aggregate annual growth of 3-4%, leading to a doubling of output every generation.
On one side, John Maynard Keynes’s cohort argues that government intervention can help any economy grow its way out of crisis by spurring aggregate demand and, in turn, raising the employment rate.
Larger data sets are enabling economic historians to address key questions – for example, how aggregate economic conditions affect labor-force participation decisions in different times and places – more effectively than ever before.
Apart from the need to deleverage for a few more years, the US economy faces longer-term problems with aggregate demand, employment, and income distribution that cannot be solved through consumption and investment alone.
And, worst of all, companies have begun discounting Europe in their investment plans, paving the way for a permanent loss of aggregate momentum.
Keynesians argue that Europe would grow if only policy were focused on generating aggregate demand; they blame precipitous fiscal consolidation and insufficiently aggressive monetary easing for the loss of momentum.
In what economists later called the “repressed” financial system, retail banks fulfilled the necessary function of financial intermediation without taking on suicidal risks, while the government kept aggregate demand high enough to maintain a full-employment level of investment.
For example, at the beginning of 2016, it seemed clear that the deficiencies of global aggregate demand that have been manifest for the last several years were unlikely to change dramatically.
BackNext